1st Plan 2024 : Geography – 1

1st Plan 2025 : Geography – 1

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1. Answered
2. Review

1. Question 1 of 100

   1. Question

   This hypothesis considered that the planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating.
   Which hypothesis is being talked about?
   (A) Planetesimal hypothesis
   (B) Nebular Hypothesis
   (C) Expanding Universe Hypothesis
   (D) None of the above

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   The hypothesis considered that the planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating.
   •They considered that the sun was surrounded by solar nebula containing mostly the hydrogen and helium along with what may be termed as dust.
   • The friction and collision of particles led to formation of a disk-shaped cloud and the planets were formed through the process of accretion.
   It was propounded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant and Mathematician Laplace.

   Unattempted
   

   The hypothesis considered that the planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating.
   •They considered that the sun was surrounded by solar nebula containing mostly the hydrogen and helium along with what may be termed as dust.
   • The friction and collision of particles led to formation of a disk-shaped cloud and the planets were formed through the process of accretion.
   It was propounded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant and Mathematician Laplace.
2. Question 2 of 100

   2. Question

   Consider the following statements :
   (1) The expansion of universe means increase in space between the galaxies.
   (2) The expansion of universe means increase in space between planets.
   (3) As time passes, galaxies move further and further apart.
   Choose the correct statements
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   BIG BANG THEORY:
   It’s also called Expanding Universe Hypothesis.
   •This theory was propounded by Georges Lemaître in late 1920s.
   • Edwin Hubble 1920, provided evidence that the universe is expanding.
   •Statement 1 is correct : The expansion of universe means increase in space between the galaxies.
   • Statement 3 is correct : As time passes, galaxies move further and further apart.

   Unattempted
   

   BIG BANG THEORY:
   It’s also called Expanding Universe Hypothesis.
   •This theory was propounded by Georges Lemaître in late 1920s.
   • Edwin Hubble 1920, provided evidence that the universe is expanding.
   •Statement 1 is correct : The expansion of universe means increase in space between the galaxies.
   • Statement 3 is correct : As time passes, galaxies move further and further apart.
3. Question 3 of 100

   3. Question

   Consider the following statements :
   Statement 1 : Venus is considered as ‘Earths-Twin’ sister.
   Statement 2 : Its atmosphere and size is very much similar to that of the earth.
   Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
   (A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1.
   (B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1.
   (C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
   (D) Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct.

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   
   OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
   Our solar system consists of our star, the Sun, and everything bound to it by gravity – the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; dwarf planets such as Pluto; dozens of moons; and millions of asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. There are more than 200 known moons in our solar system and several more awaiting confirmation of discovery. Of the eight planets, Mercury and Venus are the only ones with no moons.
   •The Sun is the central star of our solar system. There are eight planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune (My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Nuts!!)
   • Mercury is the smallest and the nearest planet to the Sun.
   Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.: Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s-twin’ because its size and shape are very much similar to that of the earth.

   Unattempted
   

   
   OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
   Our solar system consists of our star, the Sun, and everything bound to it by gravity – the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; dwarf planets such as Pluto; dozens of moons; and millions of asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. There are more than 200 known moons in our solar system and several more awaiting confirmation of discovery. Of the eight planets, Mercury and Venus are the only ones with no moons.
   •The Sun is the central star of our solar system. There are eight planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune (My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Nuts!!)
   • Mercury is the smallest and the nearest planet to the Sun.
   Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.: Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s-twin’ because its size and shape are very much similar to that of the earth.
4. Question 4 of 100

   4. Question

   Consider the following statements
   (1) The structure of the earth’s interior is made up of several concentric layers.
   (2) Temperature and pressure decreases as we go deeper towards the centre of the Earth because of presence of radioactive materials.
   (3) The upper part of the mantle upon which the crust of the Earth floats is known as Barysphere.
   How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All three
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Statement 1 is correct : The structure of the earth’s interior is made up of several concentric layers.
   Statement 2 is not correct : Temperature and pressure increase as we go deeper towards the centre of the Earth because of presence of radioactive materials.
   •Broadly three layers can be identified:
   (1) Crust
   (2) Mantle
   (3) Core
   Statement 3 is not correct : Outer most layer is called Crust, The upper portion of mantle is called asthenosphere Core mantle boundary is located at the Solid State depth of 2,900 Inner km.

   Unattempted
   

   Statement 1 is correct : The structure of the earth’s interior is made up of several concentric layers.
   Statement 2 is not correct : Temperature and pressure increase as we go deeper towards the centre of the Earth because of presence of radioactive materials.
   •Broadly three layers can be identified:
   (1) Crust
   (2) Mantle
   (3) Core
   Statement 3 is not correct : Outer most layer is called Crust, The upper portion of mantle is called asthenosphere Core mantle boundary is located at the Solid State depth of 2,900 Inner km.
5. Question 5 of 100

   5. Question

   List the following chemical elements found in interior of the earth in descending order.
   (1) Oxygen
   (2) Silicon
   (3) Iron
   (4) Magnesium
   (5) Nickel
   Choose the correct order :
   (A) 1-2-3-4-5
   (B) 3-1-2-4-5
   (C) 1-3-5-2-3
   (D) 5-2-1-3-4

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH :
   Iron is the most abundant element in the earth followed by Oxygen, Silicon, and Magnesium, Nickel, Sulphur, Titanium and so on.
   • But if we talk about only the crust, then oxygen is the most abundant element in the crust followed by Silicon, Aluminium, Iron and so on.

   Unattempted
   

   CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH :
   Iron is the most abundant element in the earth followed by Oxygen, Silicon, and Magnesium, Nickel, Sulphur, Titanium and so on.
   • But if we talk about only the crust, then oxygen is the most abundant element in the crust followed by Silicon, Aluminium, Iron and so on.
6. Question 6 of 100

   6. Question

   Which of the following is/are the Indirect source of Information about Interior of the Earth?
   (1) Meteors
   (2) Gravitation
   (3) Surface rock
   (4) Magnetic Field
   (5) Seismic Activity
   (6) Mining
   (7) Deep Ocean Drilling Projects
   (8)Volcanic Eruptions
   How many of the above sources is/are correct ?
   (A) Only two
   (B) Only four
   (C) Only five
   (D) Only six

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Sources about Interior of the Earth.
   Direct Sources of Information :
   ●Surface rock: Surface rocks are the most readily available solid earth material to make direct observations. Laboratory experiments on surface rocks and minerals provide important information about the interior of the earth.
   ●Mining : Rocks that we get from mining areas are another source that gives us information about Earth’s interior. World’s deepest mining is limited only to the depth of fewer than 5 kilometres. Going beyond this depth is not possible due to excessive heat at this depth.
   ●Deep Ocean Drilling Projects: The deepest drill at Kola, in the Arctic Ocean, has so far reached a depth of 12 km. This and many deep drilling projects have provided a large volume of information through the analysis of materials collected at different depths.
   ●Volcanic Eruptions :Volcanic eruption forms an important source of obtaining direct information through laboratory analysis of the molten material (magma) that is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during a volcanic eruption. However, it is difficult to find out about the depth of the source of such magma.
   Indirect Sources of Information :
   ●Meteors: Meteors are bits of interplanetary material falling through Earth's atmosphere and heated to incandescence by friction. Meteors that at times reach the earth are an important source of information about the interior structure of the Earth.
   ●Gravitation: The reading of the gravity at different places is influenced by many factors viz. distribution of mass, distance from the centre of the Earth. Such a difference is called gravity anomaly. Gravity anomaly gives us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.
   Magnetic Field – Magnetic surveys provide information about the distribution of magnetic materials in the crustal portion, and thus, provide information about the distribution of materials in this part.
   ●Seismic Activity : Seismic activity is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth. Body waves, generated by an earthquake, especially S-waves, which travel only through solid material, have helped in understanding the interior structure of the Earth.
   Hence, options 1,2,4,5 are indirect source of Information about Interior of the Earth.

   Unattempted
   

   Sources about Interior of the Earth.
   Direct Sources of Information :
   ●Surface rock: Surface rocks are the most readily available solid earth material to make direct observations. Laboratory experiments on surface rocks and minerals provide important information about the interior of the earth.
   ●Mining : Rocks that we get from mining areas are another source that gives us information about Earth’s interior. World’s deepest mining is limited only to the depth of fewer than 5 kilometres. Going beyond this depth is not possible due to excessive heat at this depth.
   ●Deep Ocean Drilling Projects: The deepest drill at Kola, in the Arctic Ocean, has so far reached a depth of 12 km. This and many deep drilling projects have provided a large volume of information through the analysis of materials collected at different depths.
   ●Volcanic Eruptions :Volcanic eruption forms an important source of obtaining direct information through laboratory analysis of the molten material (magma) that is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during a volcanic eruption. However, it is difficult to find out about the depth of the source of such magma.
   Indirect Sources of Information :
   ●Meteors: Meteors are bits of interplanetary material falling through Earth's atmosphere and heated to incandescence by friction. Meteors that at times reach the earth are an important source of information about the interior structure of the Earth.
   ●Gravitation: The reading of the gravity at different places is influenced by many factors viz. distribution of mass, distance from the centre of the Earth. Such a difference is called gravity anomaly. Gravity anomaly gives us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.
   Magnetic Field – Magnetic surveys provide information about the distribution of magnetic materials in the crustal portion, and thus, provide information about the distribution of materials in this part.
   ●Seismic Activity : Seismic activity is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth. Body waves, generated by an earthquake, especially S-waves, which travel only through solid material, have helped in understanding the interior structure of the Earth.
   Hence, options 1,2,4,5 are indirect source of Information about Interior of the Earth.
7. Question 7 of 100

   7. Question

   Which of the following are the characteristics of Igneous rocks :
   (1) It is formed out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth.
   (2) It is known as Secondary rocks.
   (3) The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the crust of the earth or on the surface of the earth.
   How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All three
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Igneous Rocks :
   Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is not correct : It is formed out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth and known as primary rocks.
   ●When magma in its upward movement cools and turns into a solid form it is called igneous rock.
   ● Statement 3 is correct : The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the crust of the earth or on the surface of the earth.
   ●Igneous rocks are classified based on texture.
   ●If the molten material is cooled slowly at great depths, mineral grains may be very large.
   ●Sudden cooling at the surface results in small and smooth grains.
   ●Intermediate conditions of cooling would result in intermediate sizes of grains making up igneous rocks.

   Unattempted
   

   Igneous Rocks :
   Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is not correct : It is formed out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth and known as primary rocks.
   ●When magma in its upward movement cools and turns into a solid form it is called igneous rock.
   ● Statement 3 is correct : The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the crust of the earth or on the surface of the earth.
   ●Igneous rocks are classified based on texture.
   ●If the molten material is cooled slowly at great depths, mineral grains may be very large.
   ●Sudden cooling at the surface results in small and smooth grains.
   ●Intermediate conditions of cooling would result in intermediate sizes of grains making up igneous rocks.
8. Question 8 of 100

   8. Question

   This Theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. This was first suggested by a German meteorologist, Alfred Wegener in 1912. According to the theory, all the continents formed a single continental mass- Pangea and mega ocean- Panthalassa surrounded it.
   Which theory has been described above?
   (A) CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
   (B) PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
   (C) Both A&B
   (D) None of the above.

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
   Continental drift theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. It was first suggested by a German meteorologist, Alfred Wegener in 1912.
   ●According to the theory, all the continents formed a single continental mass- Pangea and mega ocean- Panthalassa surrounded it.
   ●Around 200 million years ago Pangaea started splitting and broke down into two large continental masses as Laurasia and Gondwanaland formed the northern and southern components respectively.
   ●Subsequently, Laurasia and Gondwanaland continued to break into various smaller continents that exist today.

   Unattempted
   

   CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
   Continental drift theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. It was first suggested by a German meteorologist, Alfred Wegener in 1912.
   ●According to the theory, all the continents formed a single continental mass- Pangea and mega ocean- Panthalassa surrounded it.
   ●Around 200 million years ago Pangaea started splitting and broke down into two large continental masses as Laurasia and Gondwanaland formed the northern and southern components respectively.
   ●Subsequently, Laurasia and Gondwanaland continued to break into various smaller continents that exist today.
9. Question 9 of 100

   9. Question

   How many of the following erupts out of a Volcano?
   (1) Ash
   (2) Lava
   (3) Rocks
   (4) Gases
   Choose the correct answer :
   (A) Only two
   (B) Only three
   (C) None
   (D) All

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   VOLCANOS
   A volcano is a vent or fissure in Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, rocks, and gases erupt. An active volcano is a volcano that has erupted in the recent past.
   ●Volcanism :The process by which solid, liquid and gaseous material escape from the earth’s interior to the surface of the earth is called as Volcanism.
   ●The mantle contains a weaker zone known as the asthenosphere.
   ●Magma is the material present in the asthenosphere.
   ●Material that flows to or reaches the ground comprises lava flows, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic debris, dust, ash, and gases. The gases may be sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and trace amounts of argon, hydrogen, and chlorine.

   Unattempted
   

   VOLCANOS
   A volcano is a vent or fissure in Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, rocks, and gases erupt. An active volcano is a volcano that has erupted in the recent past.
   ●Volcanism :The process by which solid, liquid and gaseous material escape from the earth’s interior to the surface of the earth is called as Volcanism.
   ●The mantle contains a weaker zone known as the asthenosphere.
   ●Magma is the material present in the asthenosphere.
   ●Material that flows to or reaches the ground comprises lava flows, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic debris, dust, ash, and gases. The gases may be sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and trace amounts of argon, hydrogen, and chlorine.
10. Question 10 of 100

    10. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) P wave is slower than S wave and can only move through solid rock.
    (2) longitudinal wave is the fastest kind of seismic wave.
    (3) Secondary wave is also called transverse wave.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 2 is correct : Primary waves (longitudinal wave)- This is the fastest kind of seismic wave.
    Statement 1 is not correct :The P wave can move through gaseous, solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth.
    ●It pushes and pulls the rock, it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.
    Statement 3 is correct :Secondary waves (transverse wave)
    ●An S wave is slower than P wave and can only move through solid rock.
    ●This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side.
    ●S-waves arrive at the surface with some time Lag.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 2 is correct : Primary waves (longitudinal wave)- This is the fastest kind of seismic wave.
    Statement 1 is not correct :The P wave can move through gaseous, solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth.
    ●It pushes and pulls the rock, it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.
    Statement 3 is correct :Secondary waves (transverse wave)
    ●An S wave is slower than P wave and can only move through solid rock.
    ●This wave moves rock up and down, or side-to-side.
    ●S-waves arrive at the surface with some time Lag.
11. Question 11 of 100

    11. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding the temperature of the ocean :
    (1) With increasing salinity ,the temperature absorbing capacity is increased.
    (2) Ocean water freezes at lower temperature than freshwater.
    (3) The vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean shows a decrease in temperature with depth everywhere around the world.
    (4) Mean temperature of the Indian ocean is higher than the Pacific Ocean.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : More the salinity will be the more temperature absorbing capacity. Warm ocean currents carry higher temperature to higher colder latitudes and cold currents increase coolness to lower warmer latitudes. More the density, more temperature is absorbed and as a result will take much time to warm. The insolation influences the temperature directly.
    Statement 2 is correct : Ocean water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater.
    Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit.
    Water which is saltier than the ocean water freezes even at lower temperature. Oceanic water is rich in ionic salts, when fresh water freezes, water molecules of hydrogen and oxygen have bonded together into a crystalline structure of ice. The presence of salt makes it harder for water molecules to bond to the ice structure, because ice naturally repels salt molecules. So, as a result, the salt gets in the path of the water molecules, blocking them from joining the ice.
    Statement 3 is not correct : There is great variation of temperature in the ocean, both horizontally and with depth. Except in the polar region, the vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean shows a decrease in the temperature with depth. Since colder water is denser, it sinks below warmer water. This results in a temperature distribution just opposite to that of the earth’s crust, where temperature increases with depth below the surface of the ground.
    Statement 4 is not correct : The average annual temperature of the Pacific Ocean is slightly higher than the Atlantic Ocean (16.91 °C or 60°F) and the Indian Ocean (17°C or 60.6°F).

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : More the salinity will be the more temperature absorbing capacity. Warm ocean currents carry higher temperature to higher colder latitudes and cold currents increase coolness to lower warmer latitudes. More the density, more temperature is absorbed and as a result will take much time to warm. The insolation influences the temperature directly.
    Statement 2 is correct : Ocean water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater.
    Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit.
    Water which is saltier than the ocean water freezes even at lower temperature. Oceanic water is rich in ionic salts, when fresh water freezes, water molecules of hydrogen and oxygen have bonded together into a crystalline structure of ice. The presence of salt makes it harder for water molecules to bond to the ice structure, because ice naturally repels salt molecules. So, as a result, the salt gets in the path of the water molecules, blocking them from joining the ice.
    Statement 3 is not correct : There is great variation of temperature in the ocean, both horizontally and with depth. Except in the polar region, the vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean shows a decrease in the temperature with depth. Since colder water is denser, it sinks below warmer water. This results in a temperature distribution just opposite to that of the earth’s crust, where temperature increases with depth below the surface of the ground.
    Statement 4 is not correct : The average annual temperature of the Pacific Ocean is slightly higher than the Atlantic Ocean (16.91 °C or 60°F) and the Indian Ocean (17°C or 60.6°F).
12. Question 12 of 100

    12. Question

    Which of the following reasons is/are responsible for water below the ice to not freeze:
    (1) Ice insulates the water under it from the above freezing temperature.
    (2) High concentration of salt in the water below the ice.
    Which of the above statements are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct: The ocean ice is around 3 metre thick and the ice insulates the water under it from the colder air temperature above, therefore the water below the ice never gets cold enough to freeze.
    Statement 2 is correct: The water immediately below the ice is not only cold, but it contains a high concentration of salts and due to the higher concentration of the salt makes the water denser than the surface water. The denser water sinks to the bottom of the ocean ,causing a vertical circulation of ocean water.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct: The ocean ice is around 3 metre thick and the ice insulates the water under it from the colder air temperature above, therefore the water below the ice never gets cold enough to freeze.
    Statement 2 is correct: The water immediately below the ice is not only cold, but it contains a high concentration of salts and due to the higher concentration of the salt makes the water denser than the surface water. The denser water sinks to the bottom of the ocean ,causing a vertical circulation of ocean water.
13. Question 13 of 100

    13. Question

    Consider the following statements about the influence of Coriolis force on oceans.
    (1) The Coriolis force intervenes and causes the water to move to the left in the southern hemisphere and to the right in the northern hemisphere.
    (2) Sargasso sea is the result of circular current due to Coriolis force
    Which of the following statements are correct? (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Influence of Coriolis force :
    Statement 1 is correct: The Coriolis force intervenes and causes the water to move to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
    Statement 2 is correct: These large accumulations of water and the flow around them are called Gyres. These produce large circular currents in all the ocean basins. One such circular current is the Sargasso Sea.

    Unattempted
    

    Influence of Coriolis force :
    Statement 1 is correct: The Coriolis force intervenes and causes the water to move to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
    Statement 2 is correct: These large accumulations of water and the flow around them are called Gyres. These produce large circular currents in all the ocean basins. One such circular current is the Sargasso Sea.
14. Question 14 of 100

    14. Question

    Arrange the following ocean currents from west to east.
    (1) Humboldt Current
    (2) Benguela Current
    (3) California current
    (4) Canary current
    Select the correct answer using the code given below. (A) 1-2-3-4 (B) 3-4-2-1 (C) 1-2-4-3 (D) 3-1-4-2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Refer major ocean currents in Atlas.
    
    Humboldt or Peruvian Current :
    The Current is named after Prussian naturalist Alexander Von Humboldt.
    This low-salinity current has a large marine eco-system serves as one of the major nutrient systems of the world.
    Flows from the southernmost tip of Chile to northern Peru, along the west coast of South America.
    Benguela Current
    Branch of West Wind Drift of the Southern Hemisphere.
    Eastern portion of South Atlantic Ocean Gyre.
    Low salinity, presence of upwelling- excellent fishing zone.
    California Current
    It is the extension of Aleutian Current along the west coast of North America in southward flowing direction.
    It is a part of North Pacific Gyre.
    Region of strong Upwelling.
    Canary Current
    This Eastern Boundary Current is a part of North Atlantic Gyre.
    It is named after the Canary Islands.
    Presence of Upwelling.

    Unattempted
    

    Refer major ocean currents in Atlas.
    
    Humboldt or Peruvian Current :
    The Current is named after Prussian naturalist Alexander Von Humboldt.
    This low-salinity current has a large marine eco-system serves as one of the major nutrient systems of the world.
    Flows from the southernmost tip of Chile to northern Peru, along the west coast of South America.
    Benguela Current
    Branch of West Wind Drift of the Southern Hemisphere.
    Eastern portion of South Atlantic Ocean Gyre.
    Low salinity, presence of upwelling- excellent fishing zone.
    California Current
    It is the extension of Aleutian Current along the west coast of North America in southward flowing direction.
    It is a part of North Pacific Gyre.
    Region of strong Upwelling.
    Canary Current
    This Eastern Boundary Current is a part of North Atlantic Gyre.
    It is named after the Canary Islands.
    Presence of Upwelling.
15. Question 15 of 100

    15. Question

    With reference to the atmospheric pressure,consider the following statements:
    (1) Lower layers of the atmosphere have high pressure.
    (2) Atmospheric circulation accounts for the majority of heat redistribution across earth’s surface.
    (3) The temperature gradients are much steeper in winter than in summer in both hemispheres.
    (4) Relative humidity of the atmosphere is measured by a barometer.
    Which of the given statements above are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) All

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : This is due to the vertical distribution of pressure, air being a mixture of gases is highly compressible. Its density is greatest at the lower layers where it is compressed under the mass of air above and as a result the lower layers of the atmosphere have high pressure. In contrast , the higher layers are less compressed and hence, have low pressure. Air pressure always decreases with increase in altitude.
    Statement 2 is correct : The horizontal distribution of pressure is the distribution of atmospheric pressure across latitudes.Its main feature is its zonal character known as pressure belts. The leading function of the general circulation of atmosphere is to redistribute heat and moisture across earth’s surface. Atmospheric circulation accounts for about 87% of this heat redistribution while oceanic circulation accounts for the remainder.
    Statement 3 is correct :This is due to the factor that the tropical zones have high temperature throughout the year, whereas the polar zones have large seasonal differences. Hence, the difference in temperature between tropical and polar zones is much greater in winter than in summer.
    Statement 4 is incorrect : Relative Humidity is measured by Psychrometer or Hygrometer. Whereas, atmospheric pressure is measured by a Barometer. And wind velocity is measured by a Anemometer.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : This is due to the vertical distribution of pressure, air being a mixture of gases is highly compressible. Its density is greatest at the lower layers where it is compressed under the mass of air above and as a result the lower layers of the atmosphere have high pressure. In contrast , the higher layers are less compressed and hence, have low pressure. Air pressure always decreases with increase in altitude.
    Statement 2 is correct : The horizontal distribution of pressure is the distribution of atmospheric pressure across latitudes.Its main feature is its zonal character known as pressure belts. The leading function of the general circulation of atmosphere is to redistribute heat and moisture across earth’s surface. Atmospheric circulation accounts for about 87% of this heat redistribution while oceanic circulation accounts for the remainder.
    Statement 3 is correct :This is due to the factor that the tropical zones have high temperature throughout the year, whereas the polar zones have large seasonal differences. Hence, the difference in temperature between tropical and polar zones is much greater in winter than in summer.
    Statement 4 is incorrect : Relative Humidity is measured by Psychrometer or Hygrometer. Whereas, atmospheric pressure is measured by a Barometer. And wind velocity is measured by a Anemometer.
16. Question 16 of 100

    16. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) The maximum insolation is received by Earth during the month of July.
    (2) The amount of insolation received is related to the latitudinal position.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : The amount of insolation received varies with the distance between the sun and the earth. The Earth is farthest from the sun during aphelion i.e., on 4th July while it is closest to the sun during perihelion i.e., on 3rd January. Hence, the insolation received is maximum on 3rd January.
    Statement 2 is correct : Due to the axial tilt of the earth at 6612 from the plane of its orbit, the insolation received is different at different latitudes. The insolation received is more at the lower latitudes as compared to higher latitudes.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : The amount of insolation received varies with the distance between the sun and the earth. The Earth is farthest from the sun during aphelion i.e., on 4th July while it is closest to the sun during perihelion i.e., on 3rd January. Hence, the insolation received is maximum on 3rd January.
    Statement 2 is correct : Due to the axial tilt of the earth at 6612 from the plane of its orbit, the insolation received is different at different latitudes. The insolation received is more at the lower latitudes as compared to higher latitudes.
17. Question 17 of 100

    17. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Trade winds are responsible for the China type of climate.
    (2) China’s type of climate is found on eastern margins of continents in warm temperate latitudes.
    (3) Offshore trade winds are the main reason for formation of the Mid latitude desert.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Summer rain comes from convectional sources or as orographic rain, while winter rain comes from depressions in prolonged showers. The regions are influenced by moist, maritime airflow from subtropical anticyclonic cells during the summer.
    Statement 2 is correct : China type of climate is found on eastern margin of continents in warm temperate latitudes, just outside the tropic.

    Unattempted
    

    Summer rain comes from convectional sources or as orographic rain, while winter rain comes from depressions in prolonged showers. The regions are influenced by moist, maritime airflow from subtropical anticyclonic cells during the summer.
    Statement 2 is correct : China type of climate is found on eastern margin of continents in warm temperate latitudes, just outside the tropic.
18. Question 18 of 100

    18. Question

    Consider the following statements related to Indian Ocean Dipole:
    (1) El-Nino and the Negative IOD year have similar effects on Indian agriculture in terms of production.
    (2) Positive IOD results in more cyclones in arabian sea than usual.
    Which of the statements given above are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Neither 1 nor 2
    (D) Both 1 and 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct:-A negative IOD, on the other hand, works in conjunction with El NiNo to trigger extreme drought. El-Nino and the Negative IOD year have similar effects on Indian agriculture in terms of production.As in both phenomenon rainfall decreases which affect agriculture negatively and decrease the production of that year.
    Statement 2 is correct:- The westerly winds along the equator intensify during this time, allowing warm water to migrate to Africa. Changes in the winds also cause cool water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface in the east. This results in a temperature differential around the tropical Indian Ocean, with water that is colder than usual in the east and warmer than normal in the west.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct:-A negative IOD, on the other hand, works in conjunction with El NiNo to trigger extreme drought. El-Nino and the Negative IOD year have similar effects on Indian agriculture in terms of production.As in both phenomenon rainfall decreases which affect agriculture negatively and decrease the production of that year.
    Statement 2 is correct:- The westerly winds along the equator intensify during this time, allowing warm water to migrate to Africa. Changes in the winds also cause cool water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface in the east. This results in a temperature differential around the tropical Indian Ocean, with water that is colder than usual in the east and warmer than normal in the west.
19. Question 19 of 100

    19. Question

    Consider the following factors which are responsible for the movement of ocean currents:
    (1) The movement of planetary winds.
    (2) Temperature differences in the oceanic waters.
    (3) Variation in salinity.
    (4) The rotation of the earth.
    (5) Presence of landmass.
    How many of the above factors are correct?
    (A) only two
    (B) only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The planetary winds are permanent winds (Trade winds, Westerlies and Polar easterlies) that blow from one pressure belt to the other. Between the equator and the tropics blow the Trade Winds which move equatorial waters polewards and westwards and warm the eastern coast of the continents. For example, the south east Trade winds drive the south equatorial current which warms the eastern coast of Brazil as the warm Brazilian current.
    The differential heating of the sun at the equator and the poles causes a difference in the temperature of ocean water. As warm water is lighter and rises , and cold water is dense and sinks, warm equatorial waters move slowly along the surface polewards, while the heavier cold water of the polar regions creep slowly along the bottom of the sea equatorwards.
    Salinity of water varies from place to place.Waters of high salinity are denser than waters of low salinity. Hence waters of low salinity flow on the surface of waters of high salinity while waters of high salinity flow at the bottom towards waters of low salinity. For example in the Mediterranean region, there is great difference in salinity between the waters of the open Atlantic and those of the partially enclosed Mediterranean sea. The less saline water of the Atlantic flows on the surface into the Mediterranean, and this is compensated for by an outflow of denser bottom water from the Mediterranean.
    The earth’s rotation deflects freely moving objects , including ocean currents, to the right(Coriolis Force). In the Northern hemisphere this is a clockwise direction (example: the circulation of the Gulf Stream Drift and the Canaries Current). In the southern hemisphere it is an anti-clockwise direction (example: the Brazilian current and the west Wind drift).
    Presence of landmass obstructs and diverts a current. For instance the tip of southern Chile diverts parts of the West Wind Drift northwards as the Peruvian current .

    Unattempted
    

    The planetary winds are permanent winds (Trade winds, Westerlies and Polar easterlies) that blow from one pressure belt to the other. Between the equator and the tropics blow the Trade Winds which move equatorial waters polewards and westwards and warm the eastern coast of the continents. For example, the south east Trade winds drive the south equatorial current which warms the eastern coast of Brazil as the warm Brazilian current.
    The differential heating of the sun at the equator and the poles causes a difference in the temperature of ocean water. As warm water is lighter and rises , and cold water is dense and sinks, warm equatorial waters move slowly along the surface polewards, while the heavier cold water of the polar regions creep slowly along the bottom of the sea equatorwards.
    Salinity of water varies from place to place.Waters of high salinity are denser than waters of low salinity. Hence waters of low salinity flow on the surface of waters of high salinity while waters of high salinity flow at the bottom towards waters of low salinity. For example in the Mediterranean region, there is great difference in salinity between the waters of the open Atlantic and those of the partially enclosed Mediterranean sea. The less saline water of the Atlantic flows on the surface into the Mediterranean, and this is compensated for by an outflow of denser bottom water from the Mediterranean.
    The earth’s rotation deflects freely moving objects , including ocean currents, to the right(Coriolis Force). In the Northern hemisphere this is a clockwise direction (example: the circulation of the Gulf Stream Drift and the Canaries Current). In the southern hemisphere it is an anti-clockwise direction (example: the Brazilian current and the west Wind drift).
    Presence of landmass obstructs and diverts a current. For instance the tip of southern Chile diverts parts of the West Wind Drift northwards as the Peruvian current .
20. Question 20 of 100

    20. Question

    With reference to the Coral reefs, consider the following statements:
    (1) Agricultural runoff harms the growth of coral reefs.
    (2) Coral reefs are restricted to the coastline of South Asia from the Eastern tip of India to the Bangladesh and Myanmar borders.
    (3) Second largest barrier reef is present in Central America.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Due to overuse of fertilizers for maximum production, high nutrient levels are found in runoff from agricultural areas which harms the coral reefs by encouraging the growth of various algal species. It harms the sustainable growth of the entire coral reef ecosystem by favouring the growth of one component.
    Statement 2 is correct :Coral reefs are rare along the American and African west coasts. This is due primarily to upwelling and strong cold coastal currents that reduce water temperatures in these areas (respectively the Peru, Benguela and Canary streams). They are also restricted from off the coastline of South Asia from Pakistan to Bangladesh and Myanmar due to the release of vast freshwater from various river systems.
    Statement 3 is correct : The Belize Barrier Reef – second largest in the world, located in Belize, Central America. The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize. It is part of Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, which is continuous from Cancun on the north eastern tip of the Yucatan peninsula Riviera Maya and down to Honduras, making it the second largest coral reef system in the world after the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Due to overuse of fertilizers for maximum production, high nutrient levels are found in runoff from agricultural areas which harms the coral reefs by encouraging the growth of various algal species. It harms the sustainable growth of the entire coral reef ecosystem by favouring the growth of one component.
    Statement 2 is correct :Coral reefs are rare along the American and African west coasts. This is due primarily to upwelling and strong cold coastal currents that reduce water temperatures in these areas (respectively the Peru, Benguela and Canary streams). They are also restricted from off the coastline of South Asia from Pakistan to Bangladesh and Myanmar due to the release of vast freshwater from various river systems.
    Statement 3 is correct : The Belize Barrier Reef – second largest in the world, located in Belize, Central America. The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize. It is part of Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, which is continuous from Cancun on the north eastern tip of the Yucatan peninsula Riviera Maya and down to Honduras, making it the second largest coral reef system in the world after the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
21. Question 21 of 100

    21. Question

    Consider the following statements related to formation of ITCZ :
    (1) ITCZ is the result of convergence of two contrasting air masses.
    (2) ITCZ is formed over a subtropical high pressure zone.
    (3) Mid latitude cyclone formation is one of the characteristics of ITCZ.
    (4) ITCZ is a broad rough of low pressure where air ascends.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect:-It exists as a result of the trade winds colliding. The northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere meet the southeast trade winds in the southern hemisphere. The ITCZ is formed as the trade winds combine and push air up into the atmosphere.
    Statement 2 is incorrect:-The ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) is also known as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or Intertropical Front and plays an important role in the global circulation system. It’s a low-pressure belt that encircles Earth near the Equator.
    Statement 3 is incorrect:-Mid-latitude depressions, temperate cyclones, frontal depressions, and wave cyclones are also names for extratropical cyclones.In both hemispheres, these are active above the mid-latitudinal area between 35° and 65° latitude. The migration is from west to east, and it is more pronounced during the winter months. The polar and tropical air masses collide in these latitude zones, forming fronts.
    Statement 4 is correct:-The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), also known as the equatorial convergence zone, is a ring of converging trade winds and rising air that circles the globe near the Equator. The rising air causes high cloudiness, regular thunderstorms, and heavy rainfall; the zone also contains the doldrums, oceanic regions of calm surface air. The ITCZ moves north and south with the Sun during the year.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect:-It exists as a result of the trade winds colliding. The northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere meet the southeast trade winds in the southern hemisphere. The ITCZ is formed as the trade winds combine and push air up into the atmosphere.
    Statement 2 is incorrect:-The ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) is also known as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or Intertropical Front and plays an important role in the global circulation system. It’s a low-pressure belt that encircles Earth near the Equator.
    Statement 3 is incorrect:-Mid-latitude depressions, temperate cyclones, frontal depressions, and wave cyclones are also names for extratropical cyclones.In both hemispheres, these are active above the mid-latitudinal area between 35° and 65° latitude. The migration is from west to east, and it is more pronounced during the winter months. The polar and tropical air masses collide in these latitude zones, forming fronts.
    Statement 4 is correct:-The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), also known as the equatorial convergence zone, is a ring of converging trade winds and rising air that circles the globe near the Equator. The rising air causes high cloudiness, regular thunderstorms, and heavy rainfall; the zone also contains the doldrums, oceanic regions of calm surface air. The ITCZ moves north and south with the Sun during the year.
22. Question 22 of 100

    22. Question

    Consider the following statements with regarding to Atmosphere.
    (1) It protects the earth from the harmful radiation from the sun.
    (2) It acts as a greenhouse by allowing long-wave radiation (from the Sun) and trapping short-wave terrestrial radiation (from Earth’s surface).
    (3) The atmosphere also takes care of extra-terrestrial objects like meteors that get burnt up while passing through the atmosphere.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The atmosphere is a significant component of the biospheric ecosystem because life on the earth’s surface is because of this atmosphere otherwise the earth would have become barren like the moon.
    ● Statement 1 is correct : It protects the earth from the harmful radiation from the sun.
    Statement 2 is not correct :It acts as a greenhouse by allowing short-wave radiation (from the Sun) and trapping long-wave terrestrial radiation (from Earth’s surface).
    ● Statement 3 is correct : The atmosphere also takes care of extra-terrestrial objects like meteors that get burnt up while passing through the atmosphere (mesosphere to be precise) due to friction.
    ●The gases of the present atmosphere are not the direct residue of the early stage of earth’s formation. They are a product of progress through volcanic eruptions, hot springs, chemical breakdowns of solid matter and redistribution from the biosphere.

    Unattempted
    

    The atmosphere is a significant component of the biospheric ecosystem because life on the earth’s surface is because of this atmosphere otherwise the earth would have become barren like the moon.
    ● Statement 1 is correct : It protects the earth from the harmful radiation from the sun.
    Statement 2 is not correct :It acts as a greenhouse by allowing short-wave radiation (from the Sun) and trapping long-wave terrestrial radiation (from Earth’s surface).
    ● Statement 3 is correct : The atmosphere also takes care of extra-terrestrial objects like meteors that get burnt up while passing through the atmosphere (mesosphere to be precise) due to friction.
    ●The gases of the present atmosphere are not the direct residue of the early stage of earth’s formation. They are a product of progress through volcanic eruptions, hot springs, chemical breakdowns of solid matter and redistribution from the biosphere.
23. Question 23 of 100

    23. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) The anticyclonic winds in the Southern hemisphere move in the anticlockwise direction.
    (2) The pressure gradient force is greater horizontally than vertically.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct: The anticyclonic pressure systems are characterized by winds moving clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern Hemisphere.
    The cyclonic pressure systems are characterized by anticlockwise winds in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise winds in the Southern Hemisphere.
    Statement 2 is incorrect :The vertical pressure gradient is always more pronounced as compared to the horizontal pressure gradient. However, the vertical pressure gradient is balanced by the presence of gravity.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct: The anticyclonic pressure systems are characterized by winds moving clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern Hemisphere.
    The cyclonic pressure systems are characterized by anticlockwise winds in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise winds in the Southern Hemisphere.
    Statement 2 is incorrect :The vertical pressure gradient is always more pronounced as compared to the horizontal pressure gradient. However, the vertical pressure gradient is balanced by the presence of gravity.
24. Question 24 of 100

    24. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Water transport is a fuel efficient but not an environmental friendly mode of transportation.
    (2) Currently, coastal and inland waterways contribute 6% of the country’s freight modal mix.
    Choose the correct statements :
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials having low specific cost.
    ● Statement 1 is not correct : Water transport is a fuel efficient and environmental friendly mode of transportation which has vast employment generation potential.
    ● Statement 2 is correct : Currently, coastal and inland waterways contribute 6% of the country’s freight modal mix, while adjacent developing economies, such as Bangladesh (16%) and Thailand (12%) have a higher share of water-based transport, highlighting the scope for improvement for India.
    ●The exclusive jurisdiction of the Central Government is only in regard to shipping and navigation on inland waterways declared to be ‘national waterways’ by an act of Parliament. Utilisation/sailing of vessels, in other waterways, is within the ambit of the concurrent list or is in the jurisdiction of the respective state governments.

    Unattempted
    

    Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials having low specific cost.
    ● Statement 1 is not correct : Water transport is a fuel efficient and environmental friendly mode of transportation which has vast employment generation potential.
    ● Statement 2 is correct : Currently, coastal and inland waterways contribute 6% of the country’s freight modal mix, while adjacent developing economies, such as Bangladesh (16%) and Thailand (12%) have a higher share of water-based transport, highlighting the scope for improvement for India.
    ●The exclusive jurisdiction of the Central Government is only in regard to shipping and navigation on inland waterways declared to be ‘national waterways’ by an act of Parliament. Utilisation/sailing of vessels, in other waterways, is within the ambit of the concurrent list or is in the jurisdiction of the respective state governments.
25. Question 25 of 100

    25. Question

    Match the pair :
    (1) NH-1-Delhi-Amritsar
    (2) NH-44.-Delhi-Kolkata
    (3) NH-3.-Agra-Mumbai
    (4) NH-48.-Chennai-Delhi
    How many of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    NH-1 : Delhi-Amritsar :: The National Highway 1 was part of the historic Grand Trunk Road or the G.T. Road. National highways are A-grade highways that connect the capitals, major cities, ports, and critical locations of many states.
    Despite the fact that national roads account for only 2% of total road length, they transport approximately 1/3 of all traffic.
    Pair 1 is correct : Delhi and Amritsar are connected by National Highway 1. It actually starts from Attari, passes through Jammu, Srinagar, Baramula and eventually reaches Delhi. The stretch between Amritsar and Jalandhar is four-lane, and the stretch between Jalandhar and Delhi is a six-lane stretch. This route is also known as Old National Highway 1.
    Presently, the National Highway 1 (NH 1) connects the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It's made up of vintage NH1A and NH1D pieces. The number 1 signifies that it is India's northernmost East-West route, according to the new numbering system.
    Pair 2 is not correct : NH-44 : It connects Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
    Pair 3 is correct : NH-3 : Agra-Mumbai :: National Highway 3, or NH 3, is a national highway in India. It starts from Atari adjacent to India-Pakistan border and near Amritsar and terminates at Leh in Ladakh, via Manali in Himachal Pradesh
    Pair 4 is correct : NH-48 : Chennai-Delhi – It initiates in Delhi and ends in Chennai.

    Unattempted
    

    NH-1 : Delhi-Amritsar :: The National Highway 1 was part of the historic Grand Trunk Road or the G.T. Road. National highways are A-grade highways that connect the capitals, major cities, ports, and critical locations of many states.
    Despite the fact that national roads account for only 2% of total road length, they transport approximately 1/3 of all traffic.
    Pair 1 is correct : Delhi and Amritsar are connected by National Highway 1. It actually starts from Attari, passes through Jammu, Srinagar, Baramula and eventually reaches Delhi. The stretch between Amritsar and Jalandhar is four-lane, and the stretch between Jalandhar and Delhi is a six-lane stretch. This route is also known as Old National Highway 1.
    Presently, the National Highway 1 (NH 1) connects the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It's made up of vintage NH1A and NH1D pieces. The number 1 signifies that it is India's northernmost East-West route, according to the new numbering system.
    Pair 2 is not correct : NH-44 : It connects Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
    Pair 3 is correct : NH-3 : Agra-Mumbai :: National Highway 3, or NH 3, is a national highway in India. It starts from Atari adjacent to India-Pakistan border and near Amritsar and terminates at Leh in Ladakh, via Manali in Himachal Pradesh
    Pair 4 is correct : NH-48 : Chennai-Delhi – It initiates in Delhi and ends in Chennai.
26. Question 26 of 100

    26. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Ozone (O3) is a type of oxygen molecule consisting of three atoms.
    (2) Carbon dioxide and water vapour are found only up to 90 km from the surface of the earth.
    Choose the INCORRECT statements
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Carbon Dioxide which constitutes only about 0.038% of the dry air and is a product of combustion. Green plants, through photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it to manufacture food and keep other biophysical processes going.
    oBeing an efficient absorber of heat, carbon dioxide is considered to be of great climatic significance. Carbon dioxide is considered to be a very important factor in the heat energy budget.
    Carbon dioxide and water vapour are found only up to 90 km from the surface of the earth.
    Ozone (O3), or trioxygen, is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope (O2).
    Ozone plays a crucial role in blocking the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

    Unattempted
    

    Carbon Dioxide which constitutes only about 0.038% of the dry air and is a product of combustion. Green plants, through photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it to manufacture food and keep other biophysical processes going.
    oBeing an efficient absorber of heat, carbon dioxide is considered to be of great climatic significance. Carbon dioxide is considered to be a very important factor in the heat energy budget.
    Carbon dioxide and water vapour are found only up to 90 km from the surface of the earth.
    Ozone (O3), or trioxygen, is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope (O2).
    Ozone plays a crucial role in blocking the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
27. Question 27 of 100

    27. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Soil formation is influenced by the weathering and erosion processes that are defined by a region’s climate.
    (2) Apart from this, the nature of the parent rock, topography, vegetation cover etc., also determines the type of soil that is formed.
    (3) Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation under the action of various forces of nature such as wind, flowing water etc.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The uppermost layer of the earth’s crust is known as soil. It is a mixture of rock fragments and organic matter which has decomposed into constituent nutrients.
    ● Statements 1 and 2 is correct : Soil formation is influenced by the weathering and erosion processes that are defined by a region’s climate. Apart from this, the nature of the parent rock, topography, vegetation cover etc., also determines the type of soil that is formed.
    ● Statement 3 is correct : Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation under the action of various forces of nature such as wind, flowing water etc.

    Unattempted
    

    The uppermost layer of the earth’s crust is known as soil. It is a mixture of rock fragments and organic matter which has decomposed into constituent nutrients.
    ● Statements 1 and 2 is correct : Soil formation is influenced by the weathering and erosion processes that are defined by a region’s climate. Apart from this, the nature of the parent rock, topography, vegetation cover etc., also determines the type of soil that is formed.
    ● Statement 3 is correct : Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation under the action of various forces of nature such as wind, flowing water etc.
28. Question 28 of 100

    28. Question

    Gully erosion is:
    (A) coastal erosion by strong sea waves.
    (B) soil erosion on flat lands by heavy rainfall.
    (C) soil erosion on steep slopes by heavy rainfall.
    (D) soil erosion in arid and semi-arid areas by winds

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Winds and water are the powerful agents of soil erosion because of their ability to remove soil and transport it. Water erosion occurs extensively in different parts of India, takes place mainly in the form of sheet and gully erosion.
    In regions with heavy rainfall and steep slopes, erosion by running water is significant. Gully erosion is common on steep slopes by the heavy rainfall. A region with large number of deep gullies or ravines is called a badland topography. On the other hand, erosion on the flat lands after a heavy shower is known as Sheet erosion. However, wind erosion is significant in arid and semi-arid regions.

    Unattempted
    

    Winds and water are the powerful agents of soil erosion because of their ability to remove soil and transport it. Water erosion occurs extensively in different parts of India, takes place mainly in the form of sheet and gully erosion.
    In regions with heavy rainfall and steep slopes, erosion by running water is significant. Gully erosion is common on steep slopes by the heavy rainfall. A region with large number of deep gullies or ravines is called a badland topography. On the other hand, erosion on the flat lands after a heavy shower is known as Sheet erosion. However, wind erosion is significant in arid and semi-arid regions.
29. Question 29 of 100

    29. Question

    Consider the following statements with regard to circulation over India:
    (1) Subtropical westerly jet stream brings Western cyclonic disturbances during the winters.
    (2) Sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India during the summer months.
    (3) Tropical cyclones occur during the southwest monsoon only.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 1 and 2 only
    (C) 2 only
    (D) 1, 2 and 3

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct. The Subtropical westerly jet streams are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude. Over India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer.
    • The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow.
    • In summer, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun.
    Statement 2 is correct. An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over14°N during the summer months.
    Statement 3 is incorrect. Tropical cyclones occur during the southwest monsoon, as well as, in October – November, and are part of the easterly flow. These disturbances affect the coastal regions of the country.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct. The Subtropical westerly jet streams are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude. Over India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer.
    • The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow.
    • In summer, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun.
    Statement 2 is correct. An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over14°N during the summer months.
    Statement 3 is incorrect. Tropical cyclones occur during the southwest monsoon, as well as, in October – November, and are part of the easterly flow. These disturbances affect the coastal regions of the country.
30. Question 30 of 100

    30. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) The Upper Vindhyan beds do not have diamond bearing horizons.
    (2) The Vindhyan system has excess of metalliferous minerals.
    Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Upper Vindhyan beds enclose two diamond bearing horizons, from which Panna and Golcanda diamonds have been mined.
    The Vindhyan system, as a whole, is devoid of metalliferous minerals, but provides large quantities of excellent and durable stones, flagstones, ornamental stones, limestone, pure glass making sand and some coal.

    Unattempted
    

    The Upper Vindhyan beds enclose two diamond bearing horizons, from which Panna and Golcanda diamonds have been mined.
    The Vindhyan system, as a whole, is devoid of metalliferous minerals, but provides large quantities of excellent and durable stones, flagstones, ornamental stones, limestone, pure glass making sand and some coal.
31. Question 31 of 100

    31. Question

    Arrange the following mountain ranges from north to south:
    (1) Karakoram range
    (2) Pir Panjal range
    (3) Zaskar range
    (4) Ladakh range
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.
    (A) 1-4-3-2
    (B) 1-4-2-3
    (C) 4-1-3-2
    (D) 4-1-2-3

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Unattempted
    
32. Question 32 of 100

    32. Question

    With reference to black soils in India, consider the following statements:
    (1) There occurs a kind of self ploughing as these soil develop wide cracks during the wet season.
    (2) These soils contain potash but they lack in phosphorous and nitrogen.
    (3) They are also known as “Regur Soil”.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Black soils swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So during the dry season, these soil develop wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of self ploughing. Therefore statement 1 is wrong.
    statements 2 and 3 are correct : Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash. But they lack in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter.They are also known as Regur Soils.

    Unattempted
    

    Black soils swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So during the dry season, these soil develop wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of self ploughing. Therefore statement 1 is wrong.
    statements 2 and 3 are correct : Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash. But they lack in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter.They are also known as Regur Soils.
33. Question 33 of 100

    33. Question

    Which of the following are depositional features?
    (1) Arches
    (2) Moraines
    (3) Sand dunes
    (4) U- shaped valleys
    How many of the above features are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Depositional features:
    By wind- sand dunes
    By glaciers- moraines
    By sea waves- beaches, sand bars
    Erosional features:
    By wind- wind eroded basins
    By glaciers- U-shaped valleys
    By sea waves- arches and sea stacks

    Unattempted
    

    Depositional features:
    By wind- sand dunes
    By glaciers- moraines
    By sea waves- beaches, sand bars
    Erosional features:
    By wind- wind eroded basins
    By glaciers- U-shaped valleys
    By sea waves- arches and sea stacks
34. Question 34 of 100

    34. Question

    Ber, neem, babool, date palm are common trees found in which type of vegetation?
    (A) Moist deciduous forests
    (B) Tropical evergreen forests
    (C) Tropical desert forests
    (D) Dry deciduous forests

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Tropical desert forests are also known as tropical thorn forests occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. These consist of a variety of grasses and shrubs. In these forests, plants remain leafless for most part of the year and give an expression of scrub vegetation.
    These forests found in semi-arid areas of south west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Important species found in these forests are babool, ber, date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc.

    Unattempted
    

    Tropical desert forests are also known as tropical thorn forests occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. These consist of a variety of grasses and shrubs. In these forests, plants remain leafless for most part of the year and give an expression of scrub vegetation.
    These forests found in semi-arid areas of south west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Important species found in these forests are babool, ber, date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc.
35. Question 35 of 100

    35. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding “bays”:
    (1) It is a water body almost surrounded by land, with a wide mouth that opens into the ocean.
    (2) It is usually bigger and less enclosed than a gulf.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Bay :
    A bay is a small body of water that is set off from a larger body of water generally where the landcurves inward. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    In simple words, bay is a water body surrounded on three sides by land with the fourth side (mouth) wide open towards oceans. (In Gulfs, the mouth is narrow).
    A bay is usually smaller and less enclosed than a gulf. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
    Example: The Bay of Pigs (Cuba), Hudson Bay (Canada), Bay of Bengal etc.
    Gulf :
    A gulf is a large body of water, sometimes with a narrow mouth, that is almost completely surrounded by land.

    Unattempted
    

    Bay :
    A bay is a small body of water that is set off from a larger body of water generally where the landcurves inward. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    In simple words, bay is a water body surrounded on three sides by land with the fourth side (mouth) wide open towards oceans. (In Gulfs, the mouth is narrow).
    A bay is usually smaller and less enclosed than a gulf. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
    Example: The Bay of Pigs (Cuba), Hudson Bay (Canada), Bay of Bengal etc.
    Gulf :
    A gulf is a large body of water, sometimes with a narrow mouth, that is almost completely surrounded by land.
36. Question 36 of 100

    36. Question

    With reference to the geography of India, Pygmalion Point or Indira point, is the
    (A) southern most point of the country.
    (B) northern most point of the country.
    (C) deepest point of the country.
    (D) highest point of the country

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point and is located at 6° 45′N latitude.
    It is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
    The Indira Point has a light house which establishes the true sense of the termpoint for thedestination. It is one of the most important points for trade ships, naval ships and even local fishingships that are guided by it day in and out.
    It is largely covered by rainforests comprising of a variety of wildlife.

    Unattempted
    

    The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point and is located at 6° 45′N latitude.
    It is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
    The Indira Point has a light house which establishes the true sense of the termpoint for thedestination. It is one of the most important points for trade ships, naval ships and even local fishingships that are guided by it day in and out.
    It is largely covered by rainforests comprising of a variety of wildlife.
37. Question 37 of 100

    37. Question

    If you are traveling from South to North in peninsular India, select the correct sequence in which you will visit the hills?
    (A) Cardamom – Anaimalai – Nilgiri – Javadi
    (B) Cardamom – Nilgiri–Javadi – Anaimalai
    (C) Anaimalai -Nilgiri- Cardamom – Javadi
    (D) Nilgiri – Cardamom – Javadi–Anaimalai

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Cardamom Hills, southern hills of India and part of the southern Western Ghats are located in southeast Kerala and southwestTamil Nadu. Anaimalai hills are placed just north of Cardamom hills. The Nilgiri (blue mountains), are a range of mountains forming a part of the Western Ghats situated in the western part of Tamil Nadu state at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala states.The Javadhu Hills (also Jawadhi, Jawadhu Hills) are an extension of the Eastern Ghatsspread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts in the northern partof the state of Tamil Nadu.

    Unattempted
    

    The Cardamom Hills, southern hills of India and part of the southern Western Ghats are located in southeast Kerala and southwestTamil Nadu. Anaimalai hills are placed just north of Cardamom hills. The Nilgiri (blue mountains), are a range of mountains forming a part of the Western Ghats situated in the western part of Tamil Nadu state at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala states.The Javadhu Hills (also Jawadhi, Jawadhu Hills) are an extension of the Eastern Ghatsspread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts in the northern partof the state of Tamil Nadu.
38. Question 38 of 100

    38. Question

    The Valley of Flowers is located in which of the following Himalayas?
    (A) Kashmir or North-western Himalayas
    (B) Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas
    (C) Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas
    (D) Arunachal Himalayas

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The famous “Valley of Flowers” is situated in the Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas. The places of pilgrimage, such as the Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Hemkund Sahib are also situated in this part. The region is also known to have five famous Prayags (river confluences).

    Unattempted
    

    The famous “Valley of Flowers” is situated in the Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas. The places of pilgrimage, such as the Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Hemkund Sahib are also situated in this part. The region is also known to have five famous Prayags (river confluences).
39. Question 39 of 100

    39. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) There are large changes in the mean temperature over short distances.
    (2) Precipitation types and its intensity vary spatially.
    (3) There is vertical zonation of climatic types with elevation.
    The above statements represent the characteristics of which of the followingtypes of climates?
    (A) Cold Snow Forest Climates
    (B) Highland Climates
    (C) Dry Climates
    (D) Polar Climates

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Highland climates are governed by topography. In high mountains, large changes in mean temperature occur over short distances. Precipitation types and intensity also vary spatially across high lands. There isvertical zonation or layering of climatic types with elevation in the mountain environment. Hence, (B) is the correct option.

    Unattempted
    

    Highland climates are governed by topography. In high mountains, large changes in mean temperature occur over short distances. Precipitation types and intensity also vary spatially across high lands. There isvertical zonation or layering of climatic types with elevation in the mountain environment. Hence, (B) is the correct option.
40. Question 40 of 100

    40. Question

    Consider the following characteristics of an Indian soil:
    (1) This soil resembles a brick in terms of its deep red colour and surface texture.
    (2) It is a heavily leached soil.
    (3) The red colour is imparted by the presence ofiron oxide.
    (4) It is widely found in Kerala.
    Which of the following soils is characterized by theabove mentioned features?
    (A) Laterite soil
    (B) Alluvial soil
    (C) Red soil
    (D) Saline soil

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    All these are the characteristic features of laterite soil. It develops in the areas of high rainfall and high temperature. Due to heavy rainfall other water soluble minerals are leached away and soil rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound is left behind. This imparts the typical brick-like red colour and texture to this soil type.

    Unattempted
    

    All these are the characteristic features of laterite soil. It develops in the areas of high rainfall and high temperature. Due to heavy rainfall other water soluble minerals are leached away and soil rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound is left behind. This imparts the typical brick-like red colour and texture to this soil type.
41. Question 41 of 100

    41. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) Isobars are lines connecting places having equal pressures.
    (2) The isobars in the northern hemisphereare highly distorted due to large areasoccupied by continents.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Horizontal distribution of pressure is studied by drawing isobars at constant levels.Isobars are lines connecting places having equal pressure. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    The high pressure of the high latitudes in the northern hemisphere is a little complicated by the presence of much land, whereas those of the southern hemisphere are straight due to presence of large watermasses. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Horizontal distribution of pressure is studied by drawing isobars at constant levels.Isobars are lines connecting places having equal pressure. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    The high pressure of the high latitudes in the northern hemisphere is a little complicated by the presence of much land, whereas those of the southern hemisphere are straight due to presence of large watermasses. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
42. Question 42 of 100

    42. Question

    Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
    Port –Country
    (1) Port Kelang –Malaysia
    (2) Port of Antwerp– USA
    (3) Port of Hamburg –Germany
    (4) Port of Long Beach –Belgium
    How many of the above pair/s is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Port –Country
    (1) Port Kelang –Malaysia
    (2) Port of Antwerp –Belgium
    (3) Port of Hamburg –Germany
    (4) Port of Long Beach– USA
    (5) Port of Rotterdam –Netherlands

    Unattempted
    

    Port –Country
    (1) Port Kelang –Malaysia
    (2) Port of Antwerp –Belgium
    (3) Port of Hamburg –Germany
    (4) Port of Long Beach– USA
    (5) Port of Rotterdam –Netherlands
43. Question 43 of 100

    43. Question

    Consider the following features of a type of soil:
    (1) It is rich in humus and organic content.
    (2) It is highly acidic.
    (3) It is widely found in northern part ofBihar and coastal areas of West Bengal.
    Which of the following soils is best described by the above features?
    (A) Peaty Soil
    (B) Saline Soil
    (C) Arid Soil
    (D) Yellow Soil

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Peaty soils are found in areas of high rainfall and high humidity, where there is a good vegetation growth. Thus, large quantity of dead organic matter accumulates in these areas and gives us a rich humus and organic content to the soils. They contain 10-40% of organic matter. It is widely found in northernpart of Bihar, southern part of Uttarakhand, coastal areas of West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil Nadu and in Kottayam and Alappuzha district of Kerala where it is called “kari”. The peaty soils are black,damp and spongy. It is acidic in nature which slows down decomposition and leads to the soil having fewer nutrients.

    Unattempted
    

    Peaty soils are found in areas of high rainfall and high humidity, where there is a good vegetation growth. Thus, large quantity of dead organic matter accumulates in these areas and gives us a rich humus and organic content to the soils. They contain 10-40% of organic matter. It is widely found in northernpart of Bihar, southern part of Uttarakhand, coastal areas of West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil Nadu and in Kottayam and Alappuzha district of Kerala where it is called “kari”. The peaty soils are black,damp and spongy. It is acidic in nature which slows down decomposition and leads to the soil having fewer nutrients.
44. Question 44 of 100

    44. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding difference between geysers and hot springs.
    (1) In geysers jet of water is usually emitted with an explosion while in hotsprings the water rises to the surface without any explosion.
    (2) Geysers contain dissolved minerals which may be of some medicinal value while they are not found in hotsprings.
    Choose the correct statements:
    (A) Only 1
    (B) Only 2
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct. Geysers are fountains of hot water and superheated steam that mayspout up to a height of 150 feet from the earth beneath. The jet of water is usually emitted with an explosion, and is often triggered off by gases seeping out of the heated rocks. Hotsprings or thermal springs may be found in any part of the earth where water sinks deep enough beneath the surface to be heated by the interior forces. The water rises to the surface without any explosion.
    Statement 2 is incorrect. Hot springs contain dissolved minerals which may be of some medicinal value.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct. Geysers are fountains of hot water and superheated steam that mayspout up to a height of 150 feet from the earth beneath. The jet of water is usually emitted with an explosion, and is often triggered off by gases seeping out of the heated rocks. Hotsprings or thermal springs may be found in any part of the earth where water sinks deep enough beneath the surface to be heated by the interior forces. The water rises to the surface without any explosion.
    Statement 2 is incorrect. Hot springs contain dissolved minerals which may be of some medicinal value.
45. Question 45 of 100

    45. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Moho discontinuity: separates Crust and upper mantle.
    (2) Guttenberg discontinuity: separates lower mantle and outer core.
    (3) Lehman discontinuity: separates inner and outer core.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct as Moho discontinuity separates Crust and upper mantle.
    Statement 2 is correct as Guttenberg discontinuity separates lower mantle and outer core.
    Statement 3 is correct as Lehman discontinuity separates inner and outer core.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct as Moho discontinuity separates Crust and upper mantle.
    Statement 2 is correct as Guttenberg discontinuity separates lower mantle and outer core.
    Statement 3 is correct as Lehman discontinuity separates inner and outer core.
46. Question 46 of 100

    46. Question

    These soils are found on the equator of the main podzol zone in milder climates supporting a deciduous forest cover. The soils still exhibit leaching, but of a far less intense nature than podzols. These are widespread in Britain, except in the highland areas.
    Which soil has been described above?
    (A) Black Earth
    (B) Brown Earth
    (C) Green Earth
    (D) Yellow Earth

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Brown Earth : These soils are found on the equator of the main podzol zone in milder climates supporting a deciduous forest cover.
    ●the soils still exhibit leaching, but of a far less intense nature than podzols.
    ●Although free calcium is absent from the upper part of the profile, there is no downward movement of sesquioxides, and their dispersed distribution givesrise to the overall brown colour of the soil.
    ●In addition, humus is well distributed throughout the profile and is less acidic than in podzols.
    Brown earths are widespread in Britain, except in the highland areas.

    Unattempted
    

    Brown Earth : These soils are found on the equator of the main podzol zone in milder climates supporting a deciduous forest cover.
    ●the soils still exhibit leaching, but of a far less intense nature than podzols.
    ●Although free calcium is absent from the upper part of the profile, there is no downward movement of sesquioxides, and their dispersed distribution givesrise to the overall brown colour of the soil.
    ●In addition, humus is well distributed throughout the profile and is less acidic than in podzols.
    Brown earths are widespread in Britain, except in the highland areas.
47. Question 47 of 100

    47. Question

    Consider the following statements about Azonal Soils :
    (1) It has been made by the fine rocky particles transported from the far-off regions.
    (2) These are immature soils and lack well-developed soil profiles.
    Choose the correct statements
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Azonal Soils It is that soil that has been developed by the process of deposition by the agents of erosion.
    ●Statement 1 is correct : It means that it has been made by the fine rocky particles transported from the far-off regions.
    ● Statement 2 is correct : These are immature soils and lack well-developed soil profiles.
    This may be due to the non-availability of sufficient time for them to develop fully or due to the location on very steep slopes which prohibits profile development.
    ●Immature soils may exist because of the characteristics of the parent material or the nature of the terrain, or simply the lack of time for development.
    ●Such situations typically occur in areas where fresh parent material is being deposited or exposed.
    ●For example, on active flood-plains, alluvial soils have little or no profile development, because of their frequent burial under new sediments;
    ●Regosols are composed of dry and loose dune sands or loess.
    ●Lithosols are accumulations of imperfectly weathered rock fragments on steep slopes where erosion rates remove soil almost as fast as it is formed.

    Unattempted
    

    Azonal Soils It is that soil that has been developed by the process of deposition by the agents of erosion.
    ●Statement 1 is correct : It means that it has been made by the fine rocky particles transported from the far-off regions.
    ● Statement 2 is correct : These are immature soils and lack well-developed soil profiles.
    This may be due to the non-availability of sufficient time for them to develop fully or due to the location on very steep slopes which prohibits profile development.
    ●Immature soils may exist because of the characteristics of the parent material or the nature of the terrain, or simply the lack of time for development.
    ●Such situations typically occur in areas where fresh parent material is being deposited or exposed.
    ●For example, on active flood-plains, alluvial soils have little or no profile development, because of their frequent burial under new sediments;
    ●Regosols are composed of dry and loose dune sands or loess.
    ●Lithosols are accumulations of imperfectly weathered rock fragments on steep slopes where erosion rates remove soil almost as fast as it is formed.
48. Question 48 of 100

    48. Question

    With reference to plate tectonic theory, consider the following statements:
    (1) The lithospheric plate consists of continental (SIAL) and oceanic crust (SIMA) only.
    (2) When continental and oceanic plates collide, the continental plate is always overridden by the oceanic plate.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect: The Plate Tectonics Theory tells that the Earth”s outer layer consists of several rigid lithospheric plates, consisting of continental (SIAL), as well as oceanic crust (SIMA) and the uppermost part of the mantle.
    Statement 2 is incorrect: When an oceanic and a continental plate collide, eventually the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate due to the high density of the oceanic plate.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect: The Plate Tectonics Theory tells that the Earth”s outer layer consists of several rigid lithospheric plates, consisting of continental (SIAL), as well as oceanic crust (SIMA) and the uppermost part of the mantle.
    Statement 2 is incorrect: When an oceanic and a continental plate collide, eventually the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate due to the high density of the oceanic plate.
49. Question 49 of 100

    49. Question

    Which of the following channel separates Myanmar and Andaman?
    (A) Ten Degree Channel
    (B) Duncan Passage
    (C) Coco Channel
    (D) Palk Strait

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Coco Channel, part of Andaman and Nicobar ridge and the Asian continental shelf, separates Myanmar”s Coco Islands from India”s Andaman Islands.
    
    The Coco Islands are a small group of islands in the northeastern Bay of Bengal. They are part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar. Coco Island group consists of five islands: four on Great Coco Reef and one on the Little Coco Reef.

    Unattempted
    

    Coco Channel, part of Andaman and Nicobar ridge and the Asian continental shelf, separates Myanmar”s Coco Islands from India”s Andaman Islands.
    
    The Coco Islands are a small group of islands in the northeastern Bay of Bengal. They are part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar. Coco Island group consists of five islands: four on Great Coco Reef and one on the Little Coco Reef.
50. Question 50 of 100

    50. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) River Jhelum forms the boundary between India and Pakistan.
    (2) The mountains of the Patkai range are as craggy as those of the Himalayas, and the summits are much lower.
    (3) Dafla hills forms the boundary between Manipur and Myanmar.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 3 is not correct : Manipur hills forms the boundary between Manipur and Myanmar.
    The Pat-kai or Patkai Bum is a group of mountains on the Indo-Myanmar border that lie in the north-eastern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Myanmar's Upper Burma area.
    They were formed by the same tectonic forces that formed the Himalayas during the Mesozoic period.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The mountains of the Patkai range are not as craggy as those of the Himalayas, and the summits are much lower.
    The range's features include conical summits, steep slopes, and deep valleys.
    Statement 1 is correct : River Jhelum forms the boundary between India and Pakistan. The Jhelum has its source in a spring at Verinag in the south-eastern part of the Kashmir Valley. It flows northwards into Wular Lake (north-western part of Kashmir Valley). From Wular Lake, it changes its course southwards. At Baramulla the river enters a gorge in the hills. The river forms steep-sided narrow gorge through Pir Panjal Range below Baramula. At Muzaffarabad, the river takes a sharp hairpin bend southward. Thereafter, it forms the India-Pakistan boundary for 170 km and emerges at the Potwar Plateau near Mirpur.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 3 is not correct : Manipur hills forms the boundary between Manipur and Myanmar.
    The Pat-kai or Patkai Bum is a group of mountains on the Indo-Myanmar border that lie in the north-eastern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Myanmar's Upper Burma area.
    They were formed by the same tectonic forces that formed the Himalayas during the Mesozoic period.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The mountains of the Patkai range are not as craggy as those of the Himalayas, and the summits are much lower.
    The range's features include conical summits, steep slopes, and deep valleys.
    Statement 1 is correct : River Jhelum forms the boundary between India and Pakistan. The Jhelum has its source in a spring at Verinag in the south-eastern part of the Kashmir Valley. It flows northwards into Wular Lake (north-western part of Kashmir Valley). From Wular Lake, it changes its course southwards. At Baramulla the river enters a gorge in the hills. The river forms steep-sided narrow gorge through Pir Panjal Range below Baramula. At Muzaffarabad, the river takes a sharp hairpin bend southward. Thereafter, it forms the India-Pakistan boundary for 170 km and emerges at the Potwar Plateau near Mirpur.
51. Question 51 of 100

    51. Question

    Consider the following statements about the Gulf Stream :
    (1) It originates in the tropical Caribbean Sea.
    (2) It carries out more water than the Amazon River.
    (3) The heat from the Gulf Stream keeps much of Northern Europe significantly warmer.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The warm Gulf Stream, originating in the tropical Caribbean, for instance, carries about 150 times more water than the Amazon River. The current moves along the US East Coast across the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. The heat from the Gulf Stream keeps much of Northern Europe significantly warmer, than other places equally as far north. Therefore, all the three statements are correct.

    Unattempted
    

    The warm Gulf Stream, originating in the tropical Caribbean, for instance, carries about 150 times more water than the Amazon River. The current moves along the US East Coast across the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. The heat from the Gulf Stream keeps much of Northern Europe significantly warmer, than other places equally as far north. Therefore, all the three statements are correct.
52. Question 52 of 100

    52. Question

    Which of the following are the causes of low pressure in the equatorial region?
    (1) High temperature
    (2) High humidity
    (3) Low Coriolis force
    (4) Air convergence
    How many of the above answers is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    (1) High temperature coupled with (4) air convergence reduces the pressure of the equatorial region.
    (2) Humidity and (3) Coriolis force does not impact the pressure of equatorial region.

    Unattempted
    

    (1) High temperature coupled with (4) air convergence reduces the pressure of the equatorial region.
    (2) Humidity and (3) Coriolis force does not impact the pressure of equatorial region.
53. Question 53 of 100

    53. Question

    With reference to Indian forests, consider the following pairs:
    (1) Tropical Moist DeciduousForests: Sandalwood
    (2) Tropical Thorn Forests: Palas
    (3) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: Rhododendrons
    How many of the pairs given above pairs is/are correctly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is correct. Sandalwood is a tree of Moist Deciduous forests. The Moist Deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm. These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. Other varieties of trees found in the Moist Deciduous forests are Teak, Sal, Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum etc.
    Pair 2 is incorrect. Palas is a tree found in the Dry Deciduous Forests. Dry Deciduous forests cover vast areas of India where, rainfall ranges between 70-100 cm. The tree varieties found in Tropical thorn Forests are babool, ber, and wild date plam, khair, neem, khejri etc. Tropical Thorn Forests occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. Dry Deciduous forests are found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
    Pair 3 is incorrect. Rhododendrons are an example of Alpine forest. It occurs between altitudes of 3000-4000 m. Silver firs, junipers, pines and birch are some notable species of Alpine forest.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is correct. Sandalwood is a tree of Moist Deciduous forests. The Moist Deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm. These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. Other varieties of trees found in the Moist Deciduous forests are Teak, Sal, Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum etc.
    Pair 2 is incorrect. Palas is a tree found in the Dry Deciduous Forests. Dry Deciduous forests cover vast areas of India where, rainfall ranges between 70-100 cm. The tree varieties found in Tropical thorn Forests are babool, ber, and wild date plam, khair, neem, khejri etc. Tropical Thorn Forests occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. Dry Deciduous forests are found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
    Pair 3 is incorrect. Rhododendrons are an example of Alpine forest. It occurs between altitudes of 3000-4000 m. Silver firs, junipers, pines and birch are some notable species of Alpine forest.
54. Question 54 of 100

    54. Question

    Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
    Peaks : State
    (1) Mount Saramati : Arunachal Pradesh
    (2) Doddabetta : Tamil Nadu
    (3) Guru Shikhar : Rajasthan
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is incorrect. Mount Saramati is the highest peak of Nagaland. It is located on the Nagaland–Myanmar border. it is a part of the Purvanchal Range.
    Pair 2 is correct : Doddabetta is the highest Peak in the Tamil Nadu.
    Pair 3 is correct : Guru Shikhar, a peak in the Arbuda Mountains of Rajasthan, is the highest point of the Aravalli Range.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is incorrect. Mount Saramati is the highest peak of Nagaland. It is located on the Nagaland–Myanmar border. it is a part of the Purvanchal Range.
    Pair 2 is correct : Doddabetta is the highest Peak in the Tamil Nadu.
    Pair 3 is correct : Guru Shikhar, a peak in the Arbuda Mountains of Rajasthan, is the highest point of the Aravalli Range.
55. Question 55 of 100

    55. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) A long winter night with cloudy skies and turbulent air is ideal situation for temperature inversion.
    (2) Temperature inversion takes place in hills and mountains due to air drainage.
    (3) Surface inversion promotes stability in the lower layers of the atmosphere.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Temperature inversion, also called thermal inversion, is a reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal conditions air temperature usually decreases with height.)
    Statement 1 is incorrect. A long winter night with clear skies and still air is ideal situation for temperature inversion.
    During such a night, the heat of the day is radiated off, and by early morning hours, the earth is cooler than the air above. This condition is opposite of the normal phenomena where the temperature of air decreases with increasing altitude. Hence, it is called temperature inversion.
    Over polar areas, temperature inversion is normal throughout the year.
    Statement 2 is correct. Temperature inversion takes place in hills and mountains due to air drainage. Cold air at the hills and mountains, produced during night, flows under the influence of gravity. Being heavy and dense, the cold air acts almost like water and moves down the slope to pile up deeply in pockets and valley bottoms with warm air above. This is called air drainage. It protects plants from frost damages.
    Statement 3 is correct. Surface inversion promotes stability in the lower layers of the atmosphere. Smoke and dust particles get collected beneath the inversion layer and spread horizontally to fill the lower strata of the atmosphere.

    Unattempted
    

    Temperature inversion, also called thermal inversion, is a reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal conditions air temperature usually decreases with height.)
    Statement 1 is incorrect. A long winter night with clear skies and still air is ideal situation for temperature inversion.
    During such a night, the heat of the day is radiated off, and by early morning hours, the earth is cooler than the air above. This condition is opposite of the normal phenomena where the temperature of air decreases with increasing altitude. Hence, it is called temperature inversion.
    Over polar areas, temperature inversion is normal throughout the year.
    Statement 2 is correct. Temperature inversion takes place in hills and mountains due to air drainage. Cold air at the hills and mountains, produced during night, flows under the influence of gravity. Being heavy and dense, the cold air acts almost like water and moves down the slope to pile up deeply in pockets and valley bottoms with warm air above. This is called air drainage. It protects plants from frost damages.
    Statement 3 is correct. Surface inversion promotes stability in the lower layers of the atmosphere. Smoke and dust particles get collected beneath the inversion layer and spread horizontally to fill the lower strata of the atmosphere.
56. Question 56 of 100

    56. Question

    If you travel along the western coast of India from south to north direction, which of the following will be correct sequence of the occurrence of ports located on the coastline?
    (A) Kochi; Marmugao; Mangalore and Veraval.
    (B) Mangalore; Kochi; Veraval and Marmugao.
    (C) Kochi; Mangalore; Marmugao and Veraval.
    (D) Veraval; Kochi; Mangalore and Marmugao

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    If one travels along the western coast of India from south to north direction, the correct sequence of occurrence of ports located on the coastline would be:
    Kochi, Mangalore, Marmugao and Veraval

    Unattempted
    

    If one travels along the western coast of India from south to north direction, the correct sequence of occurrence of ports located on the coastline would be:
    Kochi, Mangalore, Marmugao and Veraval
57. Question 57 of 100

    57. Question

    Consider the following statements
    (1) Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean among all other oceans.
    (2) Continental shelf is shallowest part of the ocean largely formed by sediments
    (3) Most of the oil and natural gas resources are found in continental shelf.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    All the statements given above are correct.
    The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth”s oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
    Continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean – It gradually leads to continental slope, rise and Abyssal Plains – which are relatively deeper in depth. In continental shelf, normally sunlight makes an entry deep into the ocean surface. It supports larger amount of marine plant and animals. It eventually form oil reserves.

    Unattempted
    

    All the statements given above are correct.
    The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth”s oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
    Continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean – It gradually leads to continental slope, rise and Abyssal Plains – which are relatively deeper in depth. In continental shelf, normally sunlight makes an entry deep into the ocean surface. It supports larger amount of marine plant and animals. It eventually form oil reserves.
58. Question 58 of 100

    58. Question

    Naku La pass is located in the state of::
    (A) Arunachal Pradesh
    (B) Himachal Pradesh
    (C) Uttarakhand
    (D) Sikkim

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Naku La is situated at border of the Indian state of Sikkim.
    Other important passes of Sikkim are Nathu La and Jelep La.

    Unattempted
    

    The Naku La is situated at border of the Indian state of Sikkim.
    Other important passes of Sikkim are Nathu La and Jelep La.
59. Question 59 of 100

    59. Question

    Which of the following countries surrounds Arctic Ocean?
    (1) Russia
    (2) Norway
    (3) Sweden
    (4) Unites States of America
    How many of the above country is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Sweden does not surround the Arctic Ocean.
    Sweden is a country located in Northern Europe on the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Norway to the west, Finland to the northeast, and the Baltic Sea to the east and southeast. Sweden has a long coastline along the Baltic Sea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean, but it does not directly border or surround the Arctic Ocean.
    The Arctic Ocean is located much farther north and is surrounded by the landmasses of several countries, including Russia, Canada, the United States (Alaska), Denmark (Greenland), Norway, and Iceland, but not Sweden. The Arctic Ocean is situated around the North Pole and is the smallest and shallowest of the world's oceans.

    Unattempted
    

    Sweden does not surround the Arctic Ocean.
    Sweden is a country located in Northern Europe on the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Norway to the west, Finland to the northeast, and the Baltic Sea to the east and southeast. Sweden has a long coastline along the Baltic Sea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean, but it does not directly border or surround the Arctic Ocean.
    The Arctic Ocean is located much farther north and is surrounded by the landmasses of several countries, including Russia, Canada, the United States (Alaska), Denmark (Greenland), Norway, and Iceland, but not Sweden. The Arctic Ocean is situated around the North Pole and is the smallest and shallowest of the world's oceans.
60. Question 60 of 100

    60. Question

    Consider the following pairs:
    Cells : Region
    (1) Hadley Cell : Mid-latitudes
    (2) Ferrel Cell : Tropics
    (3) Polar Cell : Polar latitudes
    How many of the above pair/s is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Cells – Region
    Pair 1 is incorrect : Hadley Cell – Tropics
    Pair 2 is incorrect : Ferrel Cell – Mid-latitudes
    Pair 3 is correct : Polar Cell – Polar latitudes

    Unattempted
    

    Cells – Region
    Pair 1 is incorrect : Hadley Cell – Tropics
    Pair 2 is incorrect : Ferrel Cell – Mid-latitudes
    Pair 3 is correct : Polar Cell – Polar latitudes
61. Question 61 of 100

    61. Question

    Consider the following pairs:
    Physical feature – Significance :
    (1) Great Sandy Desert – Shared by USA and Mexico
    (2) Atlas Mountains – Separates Asia from Europe
    (3) Isthmus of Panama Joins North America with South America
    (4) Bering Strait – Connects Arctic ocean with the Pacific Ocean
    How many of the above pairs are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. Great Sandy Desert is located in the continent of Australia. It is not shared by USA and Mexico.
    Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Atlas Mountains are located in the African continent. It is the Ural Mountains which separate the continent of Asia from the continent of Europe.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. Great Sandy Desert is located in the continent of Australia. It is not shared by USA and Mexico.
    Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Atlas Mountains are located in the African continent. It is the Ural Mountains which separate the continent of Asia from the continent of Europe.
62. Question 62 of 100

    62. Question

    With reference to isostasy, consider the following statements :
    (1) Isostasy refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth”s crust and mantle.
    (2) Certain areas of the earth like the Himalayas are in isostatic equilibrium.
    Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Isostasy refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth”s crust and mantle, or more generally, between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. It explains the variation in topographic height across the Earth”s surface.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The Himalayas are not in isostatic equilibrium as they continue to rise in height. At isostatic equilibrium, their height would not change any further due to endogenic forces.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Isostasy refers to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth”s crust and mantle, or more generally, between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. It explains the variation in topographic height across the Earth”s surface.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The Himalayas are not in isostatic equilibrium as they continue to rise in height. At isostatic equilibrium, their height would not change any further due to endogenic forces.
63. Question 63 of 100

    63. Question

    With reference to landform development during different stages of a stream, consider the following statements:
    (1) V-shaped valleys and waterfalls are observed in the youth stage.
    (2) In the old stage, most of landscape is at sea level.
    (3) Waterfalls and rapids disappear in the old stage.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct: In the youth stage of stream, V-shaped valleys with no flood plains are observed. Waterfalls, gorges and rapids are common at this stage.
    Statement 2 is correct: Most of the landscape is at sea level or slightly above it during the old stage.
    Statement 3 is incorrect: Waterfalls and rapids disappear at the mature stage.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct: In the youth stage of stream, V-shaped valleys with no flood plains are observed. Waterfalls, gorges and rapids are common at this stage.
    Statement 2 is correct: Most of the landscape is at sea level or slightly above it during the old stage.
    Statement 3 is incorrect: Waterfalls and rapids disappear at the mature stage.
64. Question 64 of 100

    64. Question

    Match the following lists:
    List I —— List II
    A. Bhaber ——1. Lacustrine deposits in the valley of Kashmir.
    B. Karewas —–2. Very coarse textured soil in Shiwalik.
    C. Bhurs —–3. Terai regions of Bengal.
    D. Duars —–4. Sand deposits in parts of Upper Ganga.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.
    (A) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
    (B) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
    (C) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
    (D) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Bhaber are very coarse textured soil in Shiwalik; Karewas are lacustrine deposits of Kashmir valley. Here zaffron, a variety of saffron is grown; Bhurs are sand deposits in parts of Upper Ganga; and Duars are terai regions of Bengal, Assam and Bhutan where coarse deposits are present. Their economy is based on 3 Ts- Tea, Timber and Tourism.

    Unattempted
    

    Bhaber are very coarse textured soil in Shiwalik; Karewas are lacustrine deposits of Kashmir valley. Here zaffron, a variety of saffron is grown; Bhurs are sand deposits in parts of Upper Ganga; and Duars are terai regions of Bengal, Assam and Bhutan where coarse deposits are present. Their economy is based on 3 Ts- Tea, Timber and Tourism.
65. Question 65 of 100

    65. Question

    With reference to Tsunami, consider the following statements :
    (1) Only high intense earthquakes can trigger tsunamis whereas less intense ones cannot.
    (2) Destruction is more in the Open Ocean and less in the coast.
    (3) As it approaches the shore, its velocity decreases.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 2 is incorrect: Destruction caused due to tsunamis is more in the Coast (harbour) and less in the Open Ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct: As the tsunami waves approach the shore, the water depth becomes shallower, waves slow down, wavelength becomes shorter and the waves gain larger amplitude or heights and become destructive.
    Statement 1 is correct: Only high intense earthquakes can trigger tsunamis. Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 2 is incorrect: Destruction caused due to tsunamis is more in the Coast (harbour) and less in the Open Ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct: As the tsunami waves approach the shore, the water depth becomes shallower, waves slow down, wavelength becomes shorter and the waves gain larger amplitude or heights and become destructive.
    Statement 1 is correct: Only high intense earthquakes can trigger tsunamis. Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water.
66. Question 66 of 100

    66. Question

    Consider the following statements about different layers of Earth”s atmosphere :
    (1) Tropopause is a layer between troposphere and stratosphere.
    (2) Stratosphere contains a layer of ozone gas.
    (3) Communication at the earth”s surface is facilitated by Thermosphere.
    (4) Temperature increases with increasing height in Mesosphere.
    (5) The International Space Station orbits in the stratosphere
    How many of the statements given above is/are not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only four
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Tropopause is a layer between troposphere and stratosphere.
    Density is highest on the surface of the earth. It gradually decreases on going upwards (Therefore, density of Troposphere > Stratosphere > Mesosphere > Thermosphere).
    Statement 2 is correct : Stratosphere – Located between approximately 12 and 50 kilometers (7.5 and 31 miles) above Earth’s surface, the stratosphere is perhaps best known as home to Earth’s ozone layer, which protects us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Because of that UV radiation, the higher up you go into the stratosphere, the warmer temperatures become.
    Statement 3 is correct : Electrically charged layer – Ionosphere reflects the radio waves transmitted from the earth, this helps in communication. Since, Ionosphere is a part of Thermosphere, hence Thermosphere helps in communication.
    Temperature in Mesosphere decreases with height. Statement 4 is incorrect.
    Statement 5 is not correct : The International Space Station (ISS) does not orbit in the stratosphere. The ISS is in a much higher orbit and is located in the thermosphere, which is a layer of Earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere.
    The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of about 420 kilometers (approximately 260 miles). This orbit is classified as low Earth orbit (LEO). The thermosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that starts at about 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the Earth's surface and extends upward to several hundred kilometers.
    The thermosphere is known for its extremely high temperatures, but it also has a very low density of gas molecules. The gases in the thermosphere are highly dispersed, consisting mainly of oxygen, nitrogen, and atomic oxygen.
    Because of its high altitude and low atmospheric density, the ISS experiences very little air resistance, allowing it to maintain its orbital velocity and stay in orbit for extended periods. This unique location also makes it possible for astronauts aboard the ISS to conduct scientific experiments and observe the Earth from a vantage point that is not possible from the surface.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Tropopause is a layer between troposphere and stratosphere.
    Density is highest on the surface of the earth. It gradually decreases on going upwards (Therefore, density of Troposphere > Stratosphere > Mesosphere > Thermosphere).
    Statement 2 is correct : Stratosphere – Located between approximately 12 and 50 kilometers (7.5 and 31 miles) above Earth’s surface, the stratosphere is perhaps best known as home to Earth’s ozone layer, which protects us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Because of that UV radiation, the higher up you go into the stratosphere, the warmer temperatures become.
    Statement 3 is correct : Electrically charged layer – Ionosphere reflects the radio waves transmitted from the earth, this helps in communication. Since, Ionosphere is a part of Thermosphere, hence Thermosphere helps in communication.
    Temperature in Mesosphere decreases with height. Statement 4 is incorrect.
    Statement 5 is not correct : The International Space Station (ISS) does not orbit in the stratosphere. The ISS is in a much higher orbit and is located in the thermosphere, which is a layer of Earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere.
    The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of about 420 kilometers (approximately 260 miles). This orbit is classified as low Earth orbit (LEO). The thermosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that starts at about 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the Earth's surface and extends upward to several hundred kilometers.
    The thermosphere is known for its extremely high temperatures, but it also has a very low density of gas molecules. The gases in the thermosphere are highly dispersed, consisting mainly of oxygen, nitrogen, and atomic oxygen.
    Because of its high altitude and low atmospheric density, the ISS experiences very little air resistance, allowing it to maintain its orbital velocity and stay in orbit for extended periods. This unique location also makes it possible for astronauts aboard the ISS to conduct scientific experiments and observe the Earth from a vantage point that is not possible from the surface.
67. Question 67 of 100

    67. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) The Peninsular drainage system is younger than the Himalayan one.
    (2) The Western Ghats, running close to the western coast, act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers.
    (3) All major peninsular rivers flow from west to east.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect. The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys and the maturity of the rivers.
    Statement 2 is correct. The Western Ghats, running close to the western coast, act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
    Most of the major Peninsular Rivers, except the Narmada and the Tapi, flow from west to east. Statement 3 is incorrect.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect. The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys and the maturity of the rivers.
    Statement 2 is correct. The Western Ghats, running close to the western coast, act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
    Most of the major Peninsular Rivers, except the Narmada and the Tapi, flow from west to east. Statement 3 is incorrect.
68. Question 68 of 100

    68. Question

    Consider the following source regions lead to the formations of the air masses?
    (1) Warm tropical oceans
    (2) Permanently ice-covered continents in the Arctic.
    (3) Sub-tropical hot deserts
    How many of the above answers is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The homogenous surfaces, over which the air masses form, are called the source regions. The air masses are classified according to the source regions.
    There are five major source regions.
    These are:
    (i) Warm tropical and sub-tropical oceans;
    (ii) The sub-tropical hot deserts;
    (iii) The relatively cold high latitude oceans;
    (iv) The very cold snow-covered continents in high latitudes; and
    (v) Permanently ice-covered continents in the Arctic and the Antarctica.

    Unattempted
    

    The homogenous surfaces, over which the air masses form, are called the source regions. The air masses are classified according to the source regions.
    There are five major source regions.
    These are:
    (i) Warm tropical and sub-tropical oceans;
    (ii) The sub-tropical hot deserts;
    (iii) The relatively cold high latitude oceans;
    (iv) The very cold snow-covered continents in high latitudes; and
    (v) Permanently ice-covered continents in the Arctic and the Antarctica.
69. Question 69 of 100

    69. Question

    Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?
    (A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement ofminerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
    (B) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internalstructure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.
    (C) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometricallyrepetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.
    (D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    A mineral, by definition, is any naturally occurring, inorganic substance, often additionally characterized by an exact crystal structure. Its chemical structure can be exact, or can vary within limits. Native elements that occur naturally are also considered minerals.
    A rock is an indefinite mixture of naturally occurring substances, mainly minerals. Its makeup may vary in containment of minerals and organic substances, and its composition is never exact.

    Unattempted
    

    A mineral, by definition, is any naturally occurring, inorganic substance, often additionally characterized by an exact crystal structure. Its chemical structure can be exact, or can vary within limits. Native elements that occur naturally are also considered minerals.
    A rock is an indefinite mixture of naturally occurring substances, mainly minerals. Its makeup may vary in containment of minerals and organic substances, and its composition is never exact.
70. Question 70 of 100

    70. Question

    With regard to salinity of oceans, consider the following statements:
    (1) Maximum salinity is recorded at the equator.
    (2) Among all the salts, sodium chloride is found in maximum proportion.
    (3) Salinity reduces as precipitation increases and also as river flow increases.
    How many of the statement/s given above is/are not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : Maximum salinity is not recorded at the equator but slightly above equator because of conventional rainfall.
    Statement 2 is correct : The most abundant salt found in seawater is Sodium Chloride (NaCl), a salt which we use in food. Sodium Chloride dissolves in water into its ions, which are present at much higher levels than components of any other salt. Sodium and Chloride together make up around 85 per cent of all dissolved ions in the ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct : Salinity and Precipitation:
    As precipitation increases (rainfall or snowmelt), the addition of freshwater to water bodies dilutes the concentration of dissolved salts, leading to a reduction in salinity. This is a fundamental principle in hydrology and oceanography, and it applies to various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and estuaries.
    Salinity and River Flow:
    An increase in river flow, especially during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, can contribute to a decrease in salinity levels in certain water bodies. Higher river flow can flush out and carry away the salt content, thus lowering the overall salinity of the receiving water body, such as an estuary or coastal zone.
    In summary, both increased precipitation and higher river flow have the effect of reducing salinity in water bodies. These processes play significant roles in maintaining the salinity balance in aquatic ecosystems. However, it is essential to consider local factors, human influences, and other natural processes that can influence salinity levels in specific regions. Nonetheless, the general relationship stands: salinity tends to decrease as precipitation and river flow increase.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : Maximum salinity is not recorded at the equator but slightly above equator because of conventional rainfall.
    Statement 2 is correct : The most abundant salt found in seawater is Sodium Chloride (NaCl), a salt which we use in food. Sodium Chloride dissolves in water into its ions, which are present at much higher levels than components of any other salt. Sodium and Chloride together make up around 85 per cent of all dissolved ions in the ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct : Salinity and Precipitation:
    As precipitation increases (rainfall or snowmelt), the addition of freshwater to water bodies dilutes the concentration of dissolved salts, leading to a reduction in salinity. This is a fundamental principle in hydrology and oceanography, and it applies to various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and estuaries.
    Salinity and River Flow:
    An increase in river flow, especially during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, can contribute to a decrease in salinity levels in certain water bodies. Higher river flow can flush out and carry away the salt content, thus lowering the overall salinity of the receiving water body, such as an estuary or coastal zone.
    In summary, both increased precipitation and higher river flow have the effect of reducing salinity in water bodies. These processes play significant roles in maintaining the salinity balance in aquatic ecosystems. However, it is essential to consider local factors, human influences, and other natural processes that can influence salinity levels in specific regions. Nonetheless, the general relationship stands: salinity tends to decrease as precipitation and river flow increase.
71. Question 71 of 100

    71. Question

    Which of the following do not have volcanic origin ?
    (1) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    (2) Lakshadweep
    (3) Deccan Trap
    (4) Aravali ranges
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Andaman and Nicobar Islands have volcanic origin : The Bay of Bengal islands including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are largely tectonic and volcanic in origin. These islands are a group of over 500 islands located in the Bay of Bengal, between the Indian Peninsula and Myanmar (Burma).
    The geological history of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is complex. The islands are situated on a submerged mountain range known as the Andaman-Nicobar Ridge. The origin of this ridge is related to volcanic activity that occurred millions of years ago.
    The Andaman Islands are mostly hilly and contain numerous volcanic remnants, including old lava flows, volcanic cones, and volcanic rocks. Some of the islands have active volcanoes, but they have not shown significant volcanic activity in recent times.
    Lakshadweep do not have volcanic origin : The Islands of Arabian Sea including Lakshadweep are mainly coral formations. Lakshadweep Islands do not have a volcanic origin. Instead, they are primarily coral atolls and reefs formed through biological processes.
    The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of coral islands and atolls located in the Arabian Sea, off the southwestern coast of India. These islands are part of a coral reef system that developed over thousands of years. The formation of coral atolls and reefs is a result of the growth and accumulation of coral organisms, such as corals and other marine organisms that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons.
    The process starts with the growth of coral polyps on submerged volcanic seamounts or other underwater structures. Over time, as the corals grow and build their calcium carbonate skeletons, they create a framework that eventually rises near the water surface. As the volcanic foundation subsides or sea levels rise, the coral continues to grow upwards, forming the characteristic ring-like structure of an atoll. The central lagoon of an atoll is often shallow and surrounded by coral reefs.
    So, the Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin, not volcanic origin. They are the result of the growth and accumulation of coral reefs over submerged volcanic structures. These islands are known for their beautiful coral formations, pristine beaches, and diverse marine life, making them a popular destination for tourists and researchers interested in marine biodiversity.
    Deccan trap has volcanic origin : Deccan trap was formed during cretaceous period due to intense volcanic activities.
    Aravali ranges are nothing but the remains of old fold mountains. The Aravalli Range in India does not have a volcanic origin. Instead, it is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world and is primarily composed of ancient and highly eroded rocks

    Unattempted
    

    Andaman and Nicobar Islands have volcanic origin : The Bay of Bengal islands including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are largely tectonic and volcanic in origin. These islands are a group of over 500 islands located in the Bay of Bengal, between the Indian Peninsula and Myanmar (Burma).
    The geological history of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is complex. The islands are situated on a submerged mountain range known as the Andaman-Nicobar Ridge. The origin of this ridge is related to volcanic activity that occurred millions of years ago.
    The Andaman Islands are mostly hilly and contain numerous volcanic remnants, including old lava flows, volcanic cones, and volcanic rocks. Some of the islands have active volcanoes, but they have not shown significant volcanic activity in recent times.
    Lakshadweep do not have volcanic origin : The Islands of Arabian Sea including Lakshadweep are mainly coral formations. Lakshadweep Islands do not have a volcanic origin. Instead, they are primarily coral atolls and reefs formed through biological processes.
    The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of coral islands and atolls located in the Arabian Sea, off the southwestern coast of India. These islands are part of a coral reef system that developed over thousands of years. The formation of coral atolls and reefs is a result of the growth and accumulation of coral organisms, such as corals and other marine organisms that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons.
    The process starts with the growth of coral polyps on submerged volcanic seamounts or other underwater structures. Over time, as the corals grow and build their calcium carbonate skeletons, they create a framework that eventually rises near the water surface. As the volcanic foundation subsides or sea levels rise, the coral continues to grow upwards, forming the characteristic ring-like structure of an atoll. The central lagoon of an atoll is often shallow and surrounded by coral reefs.
    So, the Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin, not volcanic origin. They are the result of the growth and accumulation of coral reefs over submerged volcanic structures. These islands are known for their beautiful coral formations, pristine beaches, and diverse marine life, making them a popular destination for tourists and researchers interested in marine biodiversity.
    Deccan trap has volcanic origin : Deccan trap was formed during cretaceous period due to intense volcanic activities.
    Aravali ranges are nothing but the remains of old fold mountains. The Aravalli Range in India does not have a volcanic origin. Instead, it is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world and is primarily composed of ancient and highly eroded rocks
72. Question 72 of 100

    72. Question

    Moraines are landforms formed by the action of which of the following?
    (A) Glaciers
    (B) Winds in deserts
    (C) Waves
    (D) River water

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.

    Unattempted
    

    A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
73. Question 73 of 100

    73. Question

    Which of the following were extra-tropical cyclones?
    (1) HudHud
    (2) Katrina
    (3) Phailin
    (4) Ashobaa
    How many of the above answers is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    All of these are tropical cyclones. Temperate/ Extra-Tropical cyclones are not named as they occur throughout the year.

    Unattempted
    

    All of these are tropical cyclones. Temperate/ Extra-Tropical cyclones are not named as they occur throughout the year.
74. Question 74 of 100

    74. Question

    Which one of the following is the correct sequence of water in the order of decreasing existence on the earth?
    (A) Ocean, lakes, groundwater, atmosphere
    (B) Icecaps and glaciers, groundwater, Ocean, Atmosphere
    (C) Ocean, Icecaps and glaciers, Ground Water, Lakes
    (D) Groundwater, Icecaps and glaciers, lakes, atmosphere

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Water on the Earth”s surface
    

    Unattempted
    

    Water on the Earth”s surface
    
75. Question 75 of 100

    75. Question

    Consider the following pairs of Mountains and their types:
    Mountains – Type
    (1) Appalachians – Block Mountains
    (2) Vosges Mountain – Fold Mountains
    (3) Kilimanjaro – Volcanic Mountain
    How many of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. Appalachians are fold mountains, not Block Mountain. The Appalachians in North America and the Ural Mountains in Russia have rounded features and low elevation. They are very old fold mountains.
    Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Vosges Mountain is block mountains, not Fold Mountains. The Rhine valley and the Vosges Mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems.
    Pair 3 is correctly matched. Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity. Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains.
    Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa :
    

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. Appalachians are fold mountains, not Block Mountain. The Appalachians in North America and the Ural Mountains in Russia have rounded features and low elevation. They are very old fold mountains.
    Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Vosges Mountain is block mountains, not Fold Mountains. The Rhine valley and the Vosges Mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems.
    Pair 3 is correctly matched. Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity. Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains.
    Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa :
    
76. Question 76 of 100

    76. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding different forms of precipitation:
    (1) For dew formation, the dew point must be above the freezing point.
    (2) For frost formation, the dew point must be below the freezing point.
    (3) When the temperature of an air mass with large quantity of water vapour falls suddenly fog and mist are formed.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    For dew formation the dew point must be above the freezing point and if it is below the freezing point frost formation takes place and snowfall may occur.
    All statements are correct.

    Unattempted
    

    For dew formation the dew point must be above the freezing point and if it is below the freezing point frost formation takes place and snowfall may occur.
    All statements are correct.
77. Question 77 of 100

    77. Question

    Consider the following pairs :
    Latitude/Straits– Region
    (1) 38th Parallel –Separates North and South Korea
    (2) Strait of Malacca –Connects Bay of Bengal and East China sea
    (3) Strait of Hormuz –Connects Mediterranean Sea and Red sea
    How many of the above pairs is/are not correctly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 2 is not correct : Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and peninsular (West) Malaysia and extreme southern Thailand to the east and has an area of about 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km).
    Pair 3 is not correct : The narrow Strait of Hormuz is considered one of the most strategic strait of water on the planet. The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea and represents one of the world's most important oil chokepoints with approximately 14 million barrels per da (b/d) of oil being exported. Through its waters, in giant ocean-going tankers, passes much of the oil from Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Bordered by Iran, Oman's Musandam Peninsula and the United Arab Emirates, this stretch of water is of obvious military significance.
    Pair 1 is correct : 38th parallel is a name given to latitude 38° N which demarcates North Korea and South Korea. The line was demarcated by U.S. military planners at the Potsdam Conference in 1945 when World War II was near the end.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 2 is not correct : Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and peninsular (West) Malaysia and extreme southern Thailand to the east and has an area of about 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km).
    Pair 3 is not correct : The narrow Strait of Hormuz is considered one of the most strategic strait of water on the planet. The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea and represents one of the world's most important oil chokepoints with approximately 14 million barrels per da (b/d) of oil being exported. Through its waters, in giant ocean-going tankers, passes much of the oil from Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Bordered by Iran, Oman's Musandam Peninsula and the United Arab Emirates, this stretch of water is of obvious military significance.
    Pair 1 is correct : 38th parallel is a name given to latitude 38° N which demarcates North Korea and South Korea. The line was demarcated by U.S. military planners at the Potsdam Conference in 1945 when World War II was near the end.
78. Question 78 of 100

    78. Question

    Which one of the following regions of India has a combination of montane, moist deciduous and evergreen forests?
    (A) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    (B) Eastern Highlands
    (C) Western Himalaya
    (D) North-eastern Hills

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Hilly regions of north-eastern states have combination of montane forests, moist deciduous forests and evergreen forests.
    Montane forests are found between altitude of 1000-2000m in higher hilly ranges of north eastern India, as evergreen broad leaf trees in which oak and chestnut are predominant.
    Moist deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 10-200 cm.
    These forests are found in the north eastern states along the foothills of Himalayas as well as eastern Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Orissa.
    Tropical evergreen forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the north eastern region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22 degrees.

    Unattempted
    

    Hilly regions of north-eastern states have combination of montane forests, moist deciduous forests and evergreen forests.
    Montane forests are found between altitude of 1000-2000m in higher hilly ranges of north eastern India, as evergreen broad leaf trees in which oak and chestnut are predominant.
    Moist deciduous forests are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 10-200 cm.
    These forests are found in the north eastern states along the foothills of Himalayas as well as eastern Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Orissa.
    Tropical evergreen forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the north eastern region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22 degrees.
79. Question 79 of 100

    79. Question

    Consider the following pairs:
    Load carried by a river :Material :
    (1) Dissolved load : lime
    (2) Suspended load : pebbles
    (3) Bedload : silt
    How many of the above pair is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The amount of loose weathered and eroded rock material carried by a river is called its load. The amount of load which a river can carry depends on the volume of water and steepness of the slope over which it flows. Some materials are carried by a river in dissolved form e.g., salt and lime; clay and silt are carried as suspended load; coarse and heavy materials like pebbles roll and are dragged along the river bed as bed load.

    Unattempted
    

    The amount of loose weathered and eroded rock material carried by a river is called its load. The amount of load which a river can carry depends on the volume of water and steepness of the slope over which it flows. Some materials are carried by a river in dissolved form e.g., salt and lime; clay and silt are carried as suspended load; coarse and heavy materials like pebbles roll and are dragged along the river bed as bed load.
80. Question 80 of 100

    80. Question

    Consider the following statements about Saline Soils:
    (1) They occur in both arid and swampy areas.
    (2) Excessive irrigation increases salinity in soils.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Saline soils also known as Usara soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, potassium and magnesium, and thus, they are infertile, and do not support any vegetative growth. They have more salts, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage.
    • They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas. Hence statement 1 is correct.
    In the areas of intensive cultivation with excessive use of irrigation, especially in areas of green revolution, the fertile alluvial soils are becoming saline. Excessive irrigation with dry climatic conditions promotes capillary action, which results in the deposition of salt on the top layer of the soil. In such areas, especially in Punjab and Haryana, farmers are advised to add gypsum to solve the problem of salinity in the soil. Hence statement 2 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Saline soils also known as Usara soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, potassium and magnesium, and thus, they are infertile, and do not support any vegetative growth. They have more salts, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage.
    • They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas. Hence statement 1 is correct.
    In the areas of intensive cultivation with excessive use of irrigation, especially in areas of green revolution, the fertile alluvial soils are becoming saline. Excessive irrigation with dry climatic conditions promotes capillary action, which results in the deposition of salt on the top layer of the soil. In such areas, especially in Punjab and Haryana, farmers are advised to add gypsum to solve the problem of salinity in the soil. Hence statement 2 is correct.
81. Question 81 of 100

    81. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Canyons and Trenches are observed in continental slope.
    (2) Trenches are associated with active volcanoes and strong earthquakes.
    (3) Atlantic ocean consists of maximum number of ocean deeps.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Continental Slope – Canyons and trenches are observed in this region.
    The continental slope connects the continental shelf and the ocean basins.
    It begins where the bottom of the continental shelf sharply drops off into a steep slope.
    The gradient of the slope region varies between 2-5°.
    The depth of the slope region varies between 200 and 3,000 m.
    The seaward edge of the continental slope loses gradient at this depth and gives rise to continental rise.
    Statement 2 is correct : Trenches are the zones of subduction, therefore are associated with volcanoes and strong earthquakes due to faulting and folding of rocks.
    Statement 3 is not correct : The maximum number of deeps is found in the Pacific Ocean and least in Indian Ocean.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Continental Slope – Canyons and trenches are observed in this region.
    The continental slope connects the continental shelf and the ocean basins.
    It begins where the bottom of the continental shelf sharply drops off into a steep slope.
    The gradient of the slope region varies between 2-5°.
    The depth of the slope region varies between 200 and 3,000 m.
    The seaward edge of the continental slope loses gradient at this depth and gives rise to continental rise.
    Statement 2 is correct : Trenches are the zones of subduction, therefore are associated with volcanoes and strong earthquakes due to faulting and folding of rocks.
    Statement 3 is not correct : The maximum number of deeps is found in the Pacific Ocean and least in Indian Ocean.
82. Question 82 of 100

    82. Question

    Which of the following climate type does not enjoy rainfall all-round the year?
    (A) Steppe type
    (B) China type
    (C) Laurentian type
    (D) British type

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The British type, Laurentian type and China type of climatic zones enjoy rainfall all throughout the year, however scanty all seasons have some amount of rainfall.
    Steppe type has light summer rain which does not allow growth of forests.

    Unattempted
    

    The British type, Laurentian type and China type of climatic zones enjoy rainfall all throughout the year, however scanty all seasons have some amount of rainfall.
    Steppe type has light summer rain which does not allow growth of forests.
83. Question 83 of 100

    83. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding Geomagnetic Poles :
    (1) The Geomagnetic poles are the intersections of the Earth”s surface and the axis of a bar magnet hypothetically placed at the center the Earth.
    (2) Geomagnetic dipole is currently tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees to Earth”s rotational axis.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Geomagnetic poles (dipole poles) are the intersections of the Earth”s surface and the axis of a bar magnet hypothetically placed at the centre the Earth. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    Approximately, geomagnetic dipole is currently tilted at an angle of about 11 degrees to Earth”s rotational axis. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

    Unattempted
    

    The Geomagnetic poles (dipole poles) are the intersections of the Earth”s surface and the axis of a bar magnet hypothetically placed at the centre the Earth. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    Approximately, geomagnetic dipole is currently tilted at an angle of about 11 degrees to Earth”s rotational axis. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
84. Question 84 of 100

    84. Question

    Arrange the following vegetations in accordance of increasing altitude on mountains:
    (1) Alpine grasslands
    (2) Evergreen broad-leaf trees like oaks
    (3) Coniferous Treeslike Deodar
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.
    (A) 2-1-3
    (B) 2-3-1
    (C) 3-2-1
    (D) 3-1-2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region.
    • The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres. Evergreen broad-leaftrees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate.
    • Between 1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees, like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high altitude in southern and north-east India.
    • At high altitudes, generally, more than 3,600 metres above the sea level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests. However, they get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line. Ultimately, through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes, like the Gujjars and the Bakarwals.
    • At higher altitudes, mosses and lichensform part of tundra vegetation.

    Unattempted
    

    In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region.
    • The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres. Evergreen broad-leaftrees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate.
    • Between 1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees, like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high altitude in southern and north-east India.
    • At high altitudes, generally, more than 3,600 metres above the sea level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests. However, they get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line. Ultimately, through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes, like the Gujjars and the Bakarwals.
    • At higher altitudes, mosses and lichensform part of tundra vegetation.
85. Question 85 of 100

    85. Question

    Which of the following are the characteristic features of the Indian desert?
    (1) Barchans
    (2) Ephemeral rivers
    (3) Playas
    (4) Mushroom rocks
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All four
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Indian desert:
    The Great Indian Desert lies to the northwest of the Aravali hills. It is a land of undulating topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    Most of the rivers in this region are ephemeral. The Luni river flowing in the southern part of the desert is of some significance. Low precipitation and high evaporation make it a water deficit region. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    There are some streams which disappear after flowing for some distance and present a typical case of inland drainage by joining a lake or playa. The lakes and the playas have brackish water which is the main source of obtaining salt. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    Though the underlying rock structure of the desert is an extension of the Peninsular plateau, yet, due to extreme arid conditions, its surface features have been carved by physical weathering and wind actions. Some of the well pronounced desert land features present here are mushroom rocks, shifting dunes and oasis (mostly in its southern part). Hence, statement 4 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Indian desert:
    The Great Indian Desert lies to the northwest of the Aravali hills. It is a land of undulating topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    Most of the rivers in this region are ephemeral. The Luni river flowing in the southern part of the desert is of some significance. Low precipitation and high evaporation make it a water deficit region. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    There are some streams which disappear after flowing for some distance and present a typical case of inland drainage by joining a lake or playa. The lakes and the playas have brackish water which is the main source of obtaining salt. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    Though the underlying rock structure of the desert is an extension of the Peninsular plateau, yet, due to extreme arid conditions, its surface features have been carved by physical weathering and wind actions. Some of the well pronounced desert land features present here are mushroom rocks, shifting dunes and oasis (mostly in its southern part). Hence, statement 4 is correct.
86. Question 86 of 100

    86. Question

    The Convectional rainfall could be experienced in which of the following regions?
    (1) During the summer in the tropical regions.
    (2) During the winter in the tropical regions.
    (3) During the summer in the temperate interiors.
    (4) During the winter in the temperate interiors.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) All

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statements 1 and 2 are correct : The, air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last long. Such rain is common in the summer or in the hotter part of the day. It is very common in the equatorial regions and interior parts of the continents, particularly in the northern hemisphere. During winter, the tropical regions near the equator have high temperatures. So, it may receive convectional rainfall in the winter season also.
    Statement 3 is correct : During the summer, the temperate interiors can experience periods of hot and sunny weather. As the sun heats the ground, the air near the surface also warms up. Warmer air is capable of holding more moisture than cooler air, so the air near the surface becomes relatively moist. When the warm, moist air rises due to convective currents, it cools as it gains altitude. As the air cools, the moisture in the air condenses to form cumulus clouds. These cumulus clouds can grow into cumulonimbus clouds if the conditions are right. If the updrafts are strong enough, the water droplets within the cumulonimbus clouds can grow large enough to fall as rain. This is how convectional rainfall occurs in the temperate interiors during the summer.
    Statement 4 is not correct : Convectional rainfall is a type of rainfall that typically occurs in warm and tropical regions, particularly during the summer months. It is caused by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air, which cools as it rises and condenses into clouds. Eventually, the condensed water droplets become heavy enough to fall back to the ground as rainfall. In temperate regions, including the temperate interiors, the primary type of rainfall during the winter is not convectional rainfall. Instead, the dominant form of precipitation during the winter months in these areas is typically frontal rainfall.

    Unattempted
    

    Statements 1 and 2 are correct : The, air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last long. Such rain is common in the summer or in the hotter part of the day. It is very common in the equatorial regions and interior parts of the continents, particularly in the northern hemisphere. During winter, the tropical regions near the equator have high temperatures. So, it may receive convectional rainfall in the winter season also.
    Statement 3 is correct : During the summer, the temperate interiors can experience periods of hot and sunny weather. As the sun heats the ground, the air near the surface also warms up. Warmer air is capable of holding more moisture than cooler air, so the air near the surface becomes relatively moist. When the warm, moist air rises due to convective currents, it cools as it gains altitude. As the air cools, the moisture in the air condenses to form cumulus clouds. These cumulus clouds can grow into cumulonimbus clouds if the conditions are right. If the updrafts are strong enough, the water droplets within the cumulonimbus clouds can grow large enough to fall as rain. This is how convectional rainfall occurs in the temperate interiors during the summer.
    Statement 4 is not correct : Convectional rainfall is a type of rainfall that typically occurs in warm and tropical regions, particularly during the summer months. It is caused by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air, which cools as it rises and condenses into clouds. Eventually, the condensed water droplets become heavy enough to fall back to the ground as rainfall. In temperate regions, including the temperate interiors, the primary type of rainfall during the winter is not convectional rainfall. Instead, the dominant form of precipitation during the winter months in these areas is typically frontal rainfall.
87. Question 87 of 100

    87. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) The Suez Canal connects the Indian Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea.
    (2) The greatest known depth in Indian Ocean lies in the Sunda Trench, south of Java.
    (3) The Pacific Ocean has North America and South America on its east and Asia and Australia on its west.
    How many of the statements given above is/are not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct. The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. It enables a more direct route for shipping between Europe and Asia, effectively allowing for passage from the North Atlantic to the Indian Ocean without having to circumnavigate the African continent. The waterway is vital for international trade and, as a result, has been at the centre of conflict since it opened in 1869. The Suez Canal stretches 120 miles from Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt southward to the city of Suez (located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Suez). The canal separates the bulk of Egypt from the Sinai Peninsula. It took 10 years to build and was officially opened on November 17, 1869.
    
    Statement 2 is correct : The Sunda Trench, earlier known as and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian Plate. It is 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) long with a maximum depth of 7,290 metres (23,920 feet).[2] Its maximum depth is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct. The Pacific Ocean has North America and South America on its east and Asia and Australia on its west.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct. The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. It enables a more direct route for shipping between Europe and Asia, effectively allowing for passage from the North Atlantic to the Indian Ocean without having to circumnavigate the African continent. The waterway is vital for international trade and, as a result, has been at the centre of conflict since it opened in 1869. The Suez Canal stretches 120 miles from Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt southward to the city of Suez (located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Suez). The canal separates the bulk of Egypt from the Sinai Peninsula. It took 10 years to build and was officially opened on November 17, 1869.
    
    Statement 2 is correct : The Sunda Trench, earlier known as and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian Plate. It is 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) long with a maximum depth of 7,290 metres (23,920 feet).[2] Its maximum depth is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean.
    Statement 3 is correct. The Pacific Ocean has North America and South America on its east and Asia and Australia on its west.
88. Question 88 of 100

    88. Question

    Consider the following pairs:
    Local winds -Region
    (1) Pampero – North America
    (2) Harmattan – Western Africa
    (3) Sirroco – Mediterranean coast
    (4) Mistral – West Asia
    How many of the above given pairs is/are correctly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    It is cold polar Air from the west, southwest or south of Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, etc. The Pampero is most common at the winter in the southern hemisphere. So pair 1 is not correct.
    Harmattan is the dry and dusty wind which blows from the Sahara desert in the West Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. So pair 2 is correct.
    Sirocco/scirocco, or, rarely, siroc is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season. So pair 3 is correct.
    Mistral is wind which blows from Alps over France towards Meditteranean sea. It is channeled through rain valley. .So pair 4 is not correct.

    Unattempted
    

    It is cold polar Air from the west, southwest or south of Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, etc. The Pampero is most common at the winter in the southern hemisphere. So pair 1 is not correct.
    Harmattan is the dry and dusty wind which blows from the Sahara desert in the West Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. So pair 2 is correct.
    Sirocco/scirocco, or, rarely, siroc is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season. So pair 3 is correct.
    Mistral is wind which blows from Alps over France towards Meditteranean sea. It is channeled through rain valley. .So pair 4 is not correct.
89. Question 89 of 100

    89. Question

    Arrange the following Ramsar sites of India from north to south direction.
    (1) Rudrasagar Lake
    (2) Tsomoriri Lake
    (3) Deepor Beel
    (4) Wular Lake
    Select the correct answer using the code given below. (A) 2-4-3-1 (B) 4-2-1-3 (C) 2-4-1-3 (D) 4-2-3-1

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Rudrasagar Lake, also known as Twijilikma, is a fresh water lake located in Tripura.
    Tso Moriri or “Mountain Lake”, is a lake in the Changthang Plateau in Ladakh.
    Deepor Beel is located to the south-west of Guwahati, Assam.
    Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes located in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

    Unattempted
    

    Rudrasagar Lake, also known as Twijilikma, is a fresh water lake located in Tripura.
    Tso Moriri or “Mountain Lake”, is a lake in the Changthang Plateau in Ladakh.
    Deepor Beel is located to the south-west of Guwahati, Assam.
    Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes located in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
90. Question 90 of 100

    90. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) The alluvial soil is confined only to the northern plains of India.
    (2) The alluvial soil is deficient in humus except the Ganga delta which is richin humus.
    (3) The alluvial soil is more alkaline in drier areas.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect.
    The alluvial soils are found in all the river plains across India including coastal plains.
    Statement 2 is correct.
    The alluvial soil is deficient in humus except the Ganga delta which is rich in humus.
    Statement 3 is correct.
    The alluvial soils are alkaline in drier areas.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect.
    The alluvial soils are found in all the river plains across India including coastal plains.
    Statement 2 is correct.
    The alluvial soil is deficient in humus except the Ganga delta which is rich in humus.
    Statement 3 is correct.
    The alluvial soils are alkaline in drier areas.
91. Question 91 of 100

    91. Question

    Which of the following events is/are associated with a strong El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?
    (1) The arid west coast of South America receives heavy rainfall
    (2) Drought occurs in China
    (3) Floods in Australia
    How many of the correct answer using the code given below:
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Warming and cooling of the Pacific Ocean is the most important in the terms of general atmospheric circulation. The warm water of the central Pacific Ocean slowly drifts towards the South American coast and replaces the cool Peruvian Current. Such appearance of warm water off the coast of Peru is known as El Nino.
    The El Nino event is closely associated with the pressure changes in the Central Pacific and Australia. This change in the pressure condition over the Pacific is known as the “Southern Oscillation”. The combined phenomenon of “Southern Oscillation” and “El Nino” is known as the “El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)”.
    In the years when the ENSO is strong, large-scale variations in weather occur over the world.
    The arid west coast of South America receives heavy rainfall, drought occurs in Australia and sometimes in India, and floods in China. This phenomenon is closely monitored and is used for long range forecasting in the major parts of the world.
    Due to El-Nino, the trade winds reverse direction, blowing from west to east.
    Due to this reversal, the upwelling of the cold water gets weakened. The surface water is warm. This lowers the nutrients available to fish and thus poses problems to the economics of fisheries.

    Unattempted
    

    Warming and cooling of the Pacific Ocean is the most important in the terms of general atmospheric circulation. The warm water of the central Pacific Ocean slowly drifts towards the South American coast and replaces the cool Peruvian Current. Such appearance of warm water off the coast of Peru is known as El Nino.
    The El Nino event is closely associated with the pressure changes in the Central Pacific and Australia. This change in the pressure condition over the Pacific is known as the “Southern Oscillation”. The combined phenomenon of “Southern Oscillation” and “El Nino” is known as the “El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)”.
    In the years when the ENSO is strong, large-scale variations in weather occur over the world.
    The arid west coast of South America receives heavy rainfall, drought occurs in Australia and sometimes in India, and floods in China. This phenomenon is closely monitored and is used for long range forecasting in the major parts of the world.
    Due to El-Nino, the trade winds reverse direction, blowing from west to east.
    Due to this reversal, the upwelling of the cold water gets weakened. The surface water is warm. This lowers the nutrients available to fish and thus poses problems to the economics of fisheries.
92. Question 92 of 100

    92. Question

    Which of the following factors are suitable for the formation of Coral reefs in tropical waters?
    (1) Upwelling of ocean water
    (2) Water temperature not below 20 degree Celsius
    (3) Shallow depth
    (4) Presence of sediments
    How many of the above answer/s is/are correct ?.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Upwelling is higly prevalent in the areas where Cold Ocean current flow. Due to less ocean temperature, Coral reefs are not found in those areas. So, Statement 1 is not correct.
    The required apt temperature for coral survival is 20-27 degree Celsius which is the reason for its prominence in the tropics. So, statement 2 is correct.
    The presence of coral reefs isn”t found generally below 180 feet because sunlight penetration is less after 180 feet. So, statement 3 is correct.
    Sediment free water is required for coral growth as sediments block polyps and hence corals are not found near rivers. So, statement 4 is not correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Upwelling is higly prevalent in the areas where Cold Ocean current flow. Due to less ocean temperature, Coral reefs are not found in those areas. So, Statement 1 is not correct.
    The required apt temperature for coral survival is 20-27 degree Celsius which is the reason for its prominence in the tropics. So, statement 2 is correct.
    The presence of coral reefs isn”t found generally below 180 feet because sunlight penetration is less after 180 feet. So, statement 3 is correct.
    Sediment free water is required for coral growth as sediments block polyps and hence corals are not found near rivers. So, statement 4 is not correct.
93. Question 93 of 100

    93. Question

    Which of the following rivers forms/form international border between two countries?
    (1) Iguazu River
    (2) Congo River
    (3) Naf River
    How many of the above answer/s is/are correct ?.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    All the rivers (Iguazu River, Congo River and Naf River) form international border between two countries.
    Iguazu River: Border between Brazil and Argentina.
    Congo River: Border between Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo.
    Naf River: The Naf River is an international river marking the border of south eastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar.

    Unattempted
    

    All the rivers (Iguazu River, Congo River and Naf River) form international border between two countries.
    Iguazu River: Border between Brazil and Argentina.
    Congo River: Border between Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo.
    Naf River: The Naf River is an international river marking the border of south eastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar.
94. Question 94 of 100

    94. Question

    Which of the following are the Tropical Grasslands?
    (1) Savanna
    (2) Campos
    (3) Pampas
    How many of the above answer/s is/are not correct ?.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Tropical Grasslands:
    East Africa – Savanna
    Brazil – Campos
    Venezuela – Llanos
    Pampas is a Temperate Grassland.

    Unattempted
    

    Tropical Grasslands:
    East Africa – Savanna
    Brazil – Campos
    Venezuela – Llanos
    Pampas is a Temperate Grassland.
95. Question 95 of 100

    95. Question

    Which of the following factors is/are responsible for the creation of the deserts?
    (1) Closeness of warm ocean current
    (2) Continentality
    (3) Off-shore trade winds
    (4) Ascending air conditions
    How many of the above factor/s is/are not correct ?.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Factors which lead to the creation of the desert:
    Factor 1 is not responsible : Coastal deserts are created by being close to the cold ocean currents, which, by the desiccating effect, reduce the chances of precipitation.
    Factor 2 is responsible : Continentality leads to the creation of the cold deserts in the mid-latitude regions, as moisture laden winds do not reach the interiors of the continents.
    Factor 3 is responsible : The aridity of the hot deserts is mainly due to the effects of off-shore Trade Winds; hence they are also called Trade Wind Deserts.
    Factor 4 is not responsible : The descending air creates stable atmospheric conditions that prevent the lifting of moist air and thus limit the formation of clouds and rainfall. This phenomenon is known as subsidence, and it contributes to the arid conditions and the formation of deserts in certain regions. One example of this process is the Sahara Desert in Africa, which is influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system. Another example is the Arabian Desert, which is influenced by the Middle East subtropical high-pressure system. So, it is the descending air and associated high-pressure systems that are responsible for the creation of deserts, not ascending air.

    Unattempted
    

    Factors which lead to the creation of the desert:
    Factor 1 is not responsible : Coastal deserts are created by being close to the cold ocean currents, which, by the desiccating effect, reduce the chances of precipitation.
    Factor 2 is responsible : Continentality leads to the creation of the cold deserts in the mid-latitude regions, as moisture laden winds do not reach the interiors of the continents.
    Factor 3 is responsible : The aridity of the hot deserts is mainly due to the effects of off-shore Trade Winds; hence they are also called Trade Wind Deserts.
    Factor 4 is not responsible : The descending air creates stable atmospheric conditions that prevent the lifting of moist air and thus limit the formation of clouds and rainfall. This phenomenon is known as subsidence, and it contributes to the arid conditions and the formation of deserts in certain regions. One example of this process is the Sahara Desert in Africa, which is influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system. Another example is the Arabian Desert, which is influenced by the Middle East subtropical high-pressure system. So, it is the descending air and associated high-pressure systems that are responsible for the creation of deserts, not ascending air.
96. Question 96 of 100

    96. Question

    To form a cyclonic or frontal rain, in which sequence the below activities should happen?
    (1) Cold air pushes warm air
    (2) Warm air rises above the cold air
    (3) Convergence of cold and warm air
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
    (A) 1-2- 3
    (B) 3-1- 2
    (C) 3-2- 1
    (D) 2-3- 1

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Cyclonic Rain is occurred by cyclonic activity and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. It is formed when two masses of air of unlike density, temperature, and humidity meet.
    A layer separating them is called the front. This front has two parts called the warm front and the cold front.
    At the warm front, the warm lighter wind increases slightly over the heavier cold air.
    As the warm air rises, it cools, and the moisture present in it condenses to form clouds.
    This rain falls gradually for a few hours to a few days.

    Unattempted
    

    Cyclonic Rain is occurred by cyclonic activity and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. It is formed when two masses of air of unlike density, temperature, and humidity meet.
    A layer separating them is called the front. This front has two parts called the warm front and the cold front.
    At the warm front, the warm lighter wind increases slightly over the heavier cold air.
    As the warm air rises, it cools, and the moisture present in it condenses to form clouds.
    This rain falls gradually for a few hours to a few days.
97. Question 97 of 100

    97. Question

    Which one of the following countries is landlocked?
    (A) Peru
    (B) Sudan
    (C) SouthSudan
    (D) Vietnam

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    From the above-mentioned countries, only South Sudan is the landlocked country.
    South Sudan officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It is bordered to the east by Ethiopia, to the north by Sudan, to the west by the Central African Republic, to the southwest by Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by Uganda and to the southeast by Kenya.

    Unattempted
    

    From the above-mentioned countries, only South Sudan is the landlocked country.
    South Sudan officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It is bordered to the east by Ethiopia, to the north by Sudan, to the west by the Central African Republic, to the southwest by Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by Uganda and to the southeast by Kenya.
98. Question 98 of 100

    98. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding the stratosphere :
    (1) It is the second major layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
    (2) It is stratified in temperature with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth.
    (3) Clouds are not found in this layer.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth’satmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.
    Statement 2 is correct :The stratosphere is stratified (layered) in temperature, with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth; this increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation (shortened UV) by the ozone layer. This is in contrast to the troposphere, near the Earth’s surface, where temperature decreases with altitude. The border between the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropopause, marks where this temperature inversion begins.
    Statement 3 is not correct :The stratosphere is very dry air, containing little water vapor. Because of this, few clouds are found in this layer.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth’satmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.
    Statement 2 is correct :The stratosphere is stratified (layered) in temperature, with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth; this increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation (shortened UV) by the ozone layer. This is in contrast to the troposphere, near the Earth’s surface, where temperature decreases with altitude. The border between the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropopause, marks where this temperature inversion begins.
    Statement 3 is not correct :The stratosphere is very dry air, containing little water vapor. Because of this, few clouds are found in this layer.
99. Question 99 of 100

    99. Question

    Which of the following countries share land boundaries with China?
    (1) Kyrgyzstan
    (2) Vietnam
    (3) North Korea
    (4) Kazakhstan
    How many of the above countries are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    China has the largest number of neighbours (14) sharing its 22,000 km land borders, namely: North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam and the country is embroiled in territorial disputes all the countries.

    Unattempted
    

    China has the largest number of neighbours (14) sharing its 22,000 km land borders, namely: North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam and the country is embroiled in territorial disputes all the countries.
100. Question 100 of 100

     100. Question

     Consider the following statements regarding salinity of water :
     (1) Salinity at the surface increases by the loss of water to ice or evaporation.
     (2) Any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area.
     Select the correct Answer using the codes given below:
     (A) 1 only
     (B) 2 only
     (C) Neither 1 nor 2
     (D) Both 1 and 2

     • A
     • B
     • C
     • D
     Correct
     

     Incorrect
     

     Statement 1 is Correct: Salinity is measured in “parts per thousand”. It is calculated as the amount of salt dissolved in 1000gm of seawater. The salinity of water in the surface layers of the ocean depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation. As the water evaporates or turns into ice, the salt particles remain free of water molecules and thus the salinity increases.
     Statement 2 is Correct: The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinuity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, Any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area. Salinity usually increases with density ie., there is a positive correlation between the two. In a zone called HALOCLINE, salinity increases very sharply. The denser layers of water sink and this means that with depth, salinity will increase. This leads to stratification by salinity.

     Unattempted
     

     Statement 1 is Correct: Salinity is measured in “parts per thousand”. It is calculated as the amount of salt dissolved in 1000gm of seawater. The salinity of water in the surface layers of the ocean depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation. As the water evaporates or turns into ice, the salt particles remain free of water molecules and thus the salinity increases.
     Statement 2 is Correct: The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinuity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, Any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area. Salinity usually increases with density ie., there is a positive correlation between the two. In a zone called HALOCLINE, salinity increases very sharply. The denser layers of water sink and this means that with depth, salinity will increase. This leads to stratification by salinity.