QUESTIONS : MGAP B6

Note:

1. Select 1 Question

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

The Mughal School of Painting is considered to be a landmark in the history of painting in India. Elucidate.

Approach:

• Briefly explain the genesis of Mughal School of painting and its characteristics. 
• Discuss how Mughal School enriched the art of painting in India. 
• Cite some works of Mughal School of Paintings. 

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The evolution of temple-building in India can be attributed to factors such as changing form of worship, improvement in the skills of the craftsmen and the increase in funding provided by kings and rich merchants. Examine.

Approach:

• First, write about the practices of worship during Indus Valley civilization, Vedic period and later times and its final culmination to the temple
• In the second connect the improvement of the skills of the craftsmen with the improvisation of temple architecture.
• In the last part, give the information about the patronage provided for the temple

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Do you agree that Caste System, though predominantly associated with Hindu society, is present in various forms across many other religious communities in India? Substantiate with examples.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

How did European techniques and individual efforts in the 18th and 19th centuries harmonize with the Indian painting tradition and give rise to a new form?

Approach

▪️In the introduction, briefly talk about Indian paintings and European influence on it

▪️Mention the European techniques incorporated into Indian painting style and efforts of individuals in this regard

▪️Explain how it gave rise to a new style. Give examples

▪️Conclude appropriately

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

 There is a glorious tradition of Sufism spread over centuries with unparalleled continuity.  Elaborate this statement and also highlight the main features of Sufism.  Analyze the challenges faced in contemporary times to preserve the characteristics of Sufi music.

Approach:

▪️Briefly write about Sufism in introduction.

▪️Discuss the features of Sufism and give examples of how there has been a continuation of Sufism. 

▪️Finally discuss the challenges faced to preserve Sufi Music in contemporary times

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Mention the salient features of theist and athiest traditions of ancient Indian philosophical systems.

Approach:

• Start the answer with a brief discussion on ancient Indian philosophical systems.
• Name some theist traditions and give their salient features
• Name some atheist traditions and give their salient features
• No need to explain all traditions in detail.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

 Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Mauryan period witnessed impressive progress in art and architecture. Elucidate. Discuss how their contributions have been recognized in post – independence period.

Approach:

◾️Touch upon the contribution of Mauryas in different fields of art and architecture.

◾️Discuss to what extent their contributions have been acknowledged in post – independence India – lion capital, currency notes, awards, prizes, movies etc. 

◾️Conclude by mentioning the advantages of recognizing rich cultural heritage.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Chalukyan temple architecture can be considered as a museum of temple architecture, where various styles of architecture converge. Elaborate with proper arguments.

Approach

▪️Briefly introduce about the Chalukyan architecture

▪️Mention the features of their architecture and how it has incorporated different styles

▪️Give examples in support of your views

▪️Conclude as per the context.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The main difference between Gandhara and Mathura art is not the foreign inspiration and indigenous character but it is the ascetics of Gandhara art and the sensuality of Mathura art.  Comment.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered a university in the modern sense. Discuss. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Popular culture plays a crucial role in creating an environment of communal harmony in India. Comment. 

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

 Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs & narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. (PYQ)

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

 Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discuss how did the spread of new agriculture economy led to the rise of Jainism and Buddhism? Highlight the other social economic factors which are responsible for the spread of these religions? Also enlist the reasons for the eventual decline.

Approach:

◾️Explain how the spread of agriculture led to the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.

◾️State other factors which attributed to the rise of these two religions.

◾️Explain the causes for their eventual decline.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

India has been at the center of global cross-currents of cultures and influences for long. Discuss how foreign cultures has influenced Indian culture and vice versa.

Approach:

◾️Introduce by mentioning India as the center of cultural flows across periods of history, along with the factors that facilitated this flow such as trade, invasion etc.

◾️In body, discuss how foreign cultures has influenced Indian culture and it has influenced them.

◾️Conclude by mentioning continuity of cultural flows from historical to modern times

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

 Crafts and artefacts found in the Indian valley civilisation shows the artistic skills of the people of  bronze age. Discuss

Approach

◾️Introduction : Briefly explain about IVC and its crafts and artefacts 

◾️Body

– Crafts found in IVC

– Artefacts found in IVC

– Skills of the bronze age people 

◾️Conclusion : Conclude by mentioning skills of IVC people and their progress in the artistic field.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas have left a deep impact on cultural history. Discuss with examples.

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

The Marathas failed to fill the political vacuum created by the decline of the Mughal Empire because of a number of reasons. Discuss.
Approach
• Start with the disintegration of the Mughal Empire.
• Highlight the potential of the Marathas to fill the political vacuum created by the disintegration.
• Enumerate the reasons behind the failure of the Marathas.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Metal casting in India appears to be one of the oldest sculptural traditions. Discuss the significance of cire-perduor or “lost wax” technique in the sculptural tradition of India with examples from different regions.
Approach:
• Explain the lost wax
• Discuss its role in making metal
• Elaborate its role by citing it use in Indus Valley civilization, Buddhist tradition, Chola period

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The coins of the Kushans offer remarkable insight into the religious and cultural traditions of the era to which they belong. Elucidate.
Approach:
It is a straight forward question where you need to explain the statement with the help of examples 

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Buddhism is more of a social reform movement than a religious reform movement. Comment.

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of attempted Question. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Monotheism and polytheism as separate ideologies have benefited equally from the Bhakti movements in India. Justify. 

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The Battle of Buxar completed the work of the Battle of Plassey. Justify the statement 

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment. (pyq, 15 marks)

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

“Indian paintings although influenced by the religious forms, there was no dearth of secular paintings too.” Analyse.

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of asked Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Dayanand Saraswati and Raja Ram Mohan Roy had focussed on modernization instead of blind imitation of the western cultural values. Highlight their contributions towards the social reform movements of 19th century. And discuss how they brought changes into the Indian society.

Approach

◾️A brief Introduction of socio-religious reforms.

◾️Mention the contributions of Ram Mohan Roy

◾️Mention the contributions of Dayanand Saraswati and revivalist tendencies.

◾️Elaborate what changes did their efforts bring in the Indian society.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

 The historical evidence on the ‘Tiger of Mysore’ Tipu Sultan can be read as competing narratives ranging between visionary to freedom fighter to bigot. Discuss critically relevance and significance of such narratives today.

Approach :

◾️Introduction : Bring in the contradiction in the narrative of Tipu

◾️Body : The answer can be written in two section. First has to deal with the narrative of Tipu being visionary leader and freedom fighter. And the second part should bring in the narrative of Tipu being the bigot while bringing in the secular portrayal of Tipu. Each part has to be substantiated with the relevance and significance in today’s world.

◾️Conclusion : it has to be in positive line highlighting the first narrative of TipU.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Examine the major factors shaping the British land revenue policy in India. What was the impact of it on village communities especially in northern India during late 18th and 19th century?

Approach:
· Introduce British Land Revenue Policy.
· Analyse the major factor behind three main land tenures: Permanent Settlement, Mahalwari and Ryotwari.
· Write about the impact on village communities, economy and peasants especially in north India during late 18th and 19th century.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of asked Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

 The post 1857 colonial administration adopted reactionary policies on the pretext that Indians were not fit for self-governance. Examine.

Approach:

• ️Introduction: British learned how an organized mass action could pose a serious threat to the existence of British rule in India
• ️Discuss the various changes that were made from earlier times by analyzing the specific reasons for each change
• ️Conclude how these changes helped in consolidating colonial rule in India

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

 The economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of India’s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by the needs of the British economy. Discuss. 

Approach: 

• ️Describe the features of colonial economy in India.
• ️Analyze the economic policies of the British in three phases.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

To what extent is Indian culture resilient to westernisation and globalisation?

Approach:

• Introduction: Briefly define westernisation and globalisation.
• Body: Write the positive and negative impacts of the westernisation and globalisation. Subsequently, measure the extent of the resilience of the Indian Culture.
• Conclusion: Write a conclusion with a mix of the way forward.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The women’s questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period? (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Since 19th century, The Press played a significant role in building and developing Indian national consciousness among Indians and nationalist movement. Analyse.

Approach

◾️Introduction: about printing press in India

◾️Body: Highlight the Role of press in increasing nationalist consciousness

◾️Conclusion: Conclude with relevant examples

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Trace the journey of working class movement in India since the advent of modern industries. How did this disparate group emerge as an organized class in late 1920s onwards?

Approach: 

◾️Introduce the advent of working class.

◾️Trace the development of all India class consciousness in various phases.

◾️Conclude appropriately.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The contradictions in moderate politics not only alienated the masses but also made the Colonial government to project itself as the real protector of people. Critically analyse.

Approach :

◾️ Introduction: Define what moderate politics is and give brief intro about the moderates and their style working in India.

◾️Body: Elaborate on the inherent contradictions in the methods of their working and how it alienated masses from India creating vacuum for the colonial government.

◾️Conclusion: Delineate the achievements of moderates to conclude that moderates were nationalists who worked for the freedom of country.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity  (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

While before 1920 peasant revolts emerged from the peasants themselves but after 1920 peasant revolts tended to come under the guidance of regional, national or urban-based political movement. Discuss.

Approach

▪️Introduction : Briefly tell about the nature of Peasant Revolts and Reasons behind them that took place before and after 1920.

▪️Body :

• Tell about the nature of Peasant Revolts that took place before 1920 and provide some examples with brief description about them.
• Mention the reasons for change of nature of Peasant Revolts after 1920s and how they gained more prominence and became a part of the National Movement.
• Discuss the reasons behind such change of nature of peasant Revolts and how it aligned with the Overall National Movement.

▪️Conclusion : Conclude on the lines that how the changed Peasant Movements Contributed to the National Movement under the Regional, National Guidance

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The struggle for gender equality has taken birth and grown in pre-independence era as men led movement, but matured in 21st century with women leading their own battle. Comment

Approach:

▪️Introduction: Introduce the answer with general view of women’s movements tracing their journey through this time period.

▪️Body: The question carries Two Parts:

• Part 1 should contain points explaining how the struggle for gender equality has taken birth and grown in Pre-independence era as men led the Movement.
• Part 2 should contain points explaining how the struggle matured in 21st Century with Women leading their own battle.

▪️Conclusion: Provide a very brief conclusion by highlighting the action taken by the government in response to the movements led by Women.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Gandhi’s concept of femininity and women empowerment was built on the extraction and improvement of ethically derived social ideas.  Comment.  Also check how Gandhi’s idea of   femininity is completely opposite to the idea of   femininity advocated by the socio-religious reformers of the 19th century.

Approach :

▪️Introduction: Give brief intro about the Gandhi’s perception on the womanhood and women empowerment. 

▪️Body: The Question carries two parts:

Part 1:  Explain the Gandhi’s idea of womanhood and women empowerment and how it is related to the existing social idea and moral terms.

Part 2:  Explain how this perspective different from the the socio-religious reforms of 19th century.

▪️Conclusion: Conclude by stating how the Gandhi’s perspective was forerunner in women liberation.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

The period between 1858 and 1919 was that of ” bureaucratic despotism”, while the gradual democratisation of the polity between 1919 to 1947 curtailed will and discretion of the civil servants. Analyse.

Approach : 

◾️Introduction : Define what bureaucratic despotism is and how it helped the British to establish the control over India

◾️Body :

• The reasons can be explained for the despotic nature of bureaucracy.
• Then explain how the democratisation brought after 1919 curtailed the will and discretion of civil servants.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The socio-religious reform movements of 19th and 20th century in British India not only attempted to free Indian society from various social evils but also prepared the ground for Indian freedom struggle. Analyse.

Approach:

• In the introduction, contextualize the rise of socio-religious reform movements in the backdrop of colonial rule and awakening of Indians to the social ills prevailing at the times. 
• Identify the various issues that the reform movements had to address as well as the key factors involved.
• After establishing the first part, move on to examining or establishing how these movements helped to prepare for the freedom struggle.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The outbreak of World War II in 1939 divided the nationalists over the next course of action in the freedom struggle. Elaborate. In this context, also examine the factors that led to INC launching the Quit India Movement.

Approach:

• Write about both the areas of debate of the Nationalists post beginning of WWII.
• One cannot simply give the reasons why the INC launched the Quit India Movement. These reasons have to be related to the context of the decisions taken by the INC post 1939 in respect to the actions of the British. Building the context is important.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

The isolation of the region, its complex social character and its backwardness have all resulted in a complicated set of demands from different states of the North-East since independence. Discuss.

Approach:

▪️State the factors which make the North-East region isolated from mainstream India.

▪️Mention the complex social characters and resultant backwardness.

▪️Discuss the resultant complicated set of demands and solution.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Discuss the contribution of C.Rajagopalchari in the freedom struggle and post independence India.

Approach: 

◾️Briefly introduce C.Rajagopalchari as maker of modern India.

◾️Discuss his contributions before Independence and Post Independence.

◾️Conclude your answer.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The task of integrating tribal population in post-independence India raised multiple debates and resulted in a policy that has both successes and failures to account for. Explain.

Approach:

▪️Delineate different approaches which were being debated for carving out the main tribal policy in India in the post-independence era.

▪️Discussing the Tribal Panchsheel policy, analyse the performance of the policy in terms of successes and failures since its inception

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Struggle for India’s independence was not restricted to the only domestic arena. Indian diaspora spread all over the world participated in it. Identify the major contribution of the diaspora in liberating India from the colonial yoke.

Approach:

◾️Introduction – Talk briefly about the struggle for independence

◾️Body – Discuss contribution from Indian diaspora in India’s freedom covering Europe, America and Asia

◾️Conclusion – Conclude with a comment on the overall nature of the anti-colonial struggle.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Operation flood gave credence to Gandhian ideas of production by masses and village swaraj, with far reaching impact for post independent India. Discuss the statement and highlight various reasons for success of operation flood.

Approach:

◾️Introduce with brief history of operation flood.

◾️In body explain how it fulfilled Gandhian ideas of production by masses and village swaraj.

◾️List reasons for success of operation flood.

◾️Conclude with role of operation flood in reducing poverty.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Throw light on the basic differences between Tagore and Gandhi on various issues of national importance during the freedom movement. 

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post-independent India. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

“The national movement by treating women as political beings capable of nationalist feelings and as capable of struggle and sacrifice as men, resolved many doctrinal debates about the desirability of women’s role in the public sphere.” Examine women’s role in post- independence India with special emphasis on legislations to empower women. 

Approach:

◾️Introduce by writing in brief about status of women in past times and how it has changed since then. 

◾️Write about participation of women in national movement by giving 1-2 examples. Also write about their presence in public sphere 

◾️Give an account of changing situation during post-independence India in case of women’s role in public sphere. Justify this by giving examples of various legislations by correlating both. 

◾️Conclude on a positive note that how it can improve further and what is being done till today.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The isolation of the region, its complex social character and its backwardness have all resulted in a complicated set of demands from different states of the North-East since independence. Discuss.

Approach

• State the factors which make the North-East region isolated from mainstream India.
• Mention the complex social characters and resultant backwardness.
• Discuss the resultant complicated set of demands and solution.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

“The process of social and religious reform did not always follow the intended line and gave rise to some undesirable by-products as well, which have become as much a part of daily existence in the whole of the Indian subcontinent as have the fruits of these reform movements.” In light of the above statement, critically evaluate the roles of various revivalist movements in shaping India.

Approach

▪️Provide a Brief Introduction
▪️Write Roles of revivalist movement on the following angles:
➢ At the beginning
■ Positives
■ Negatives
➢ At present
■ Positives
■ Negatives

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive roles in the emergence of Bangladesh. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discuss the circumstances that led to the launch of Sampoorna Kranti (Total Revolution) in 1974.To what extent this movement was successful in achieving its objectives.

Approach:

• Briefly define what was Sampoorna Kranti or Total Revolution.
• Discuss the circumstances which led to Total Revolution.
• Give your opinion on the extent of success or failure of the movement.
• Conclude your answer.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Though India was facing several difficult problems, it has been argued that Lal Bahadur Shastri’s government did not deal with them in a decisive manner and followed a policy of drift instead. Critically discuss.

Approach:

• First write about the problems the country was facing during the Shastri’s regime and how he could not dealt with them in a decisive manner.
• Since, the question demands critical discussion you should also write about the other side as well.
• Provide a balanced conclusion.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

How did the Indian industrialists contribute to the freedom struggle? Did the emergence of the socialistic trend during the later period of the struggle deter them from supporting the freedom struggle? Analyze.

Approach:

• Highlight the contribution of the Indian industrialists in the Indian struggle for freedom.
• Explain their relationship with the Congress and their contribution to the party.
• Show how they balanced their commercial interests while supporting the national freedom movement.
• Evaluate their stand during the freedom struggle movement when socialistic trend emerged.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Analyse the circumstances that led to Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the agreement. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Even after a hundred years of its proclamation the effects of Balfour Declaration continue to resonate in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Comment.

Approach:

• In the introduction briefly explain the Balfour Declaration.
• Explain the context surrounding the declaration and its cosequences.
• Highlight the relevance of the Declaration in present context.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The events that led to the American Revolution had causes rooted in the social, economic, political and ideological context of that time. Elaborate. Also, bring out the influence that the American Revolution had on the French Revolution.

Approach:

• Describe the social, economic, political and ideological reasons behind events of the American Revolution.
• Explain how the American Revolution subsequently influenced the French Revolution.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Literary accounts of foreign travellers are useful in arriving at an understanding of the socio-cultural life of Indian History. Elucidate.

Approach:

• Write the contribution of foreign travelers account.
• Explain the traveler’s accounts from different phases of Indian history.
• Conclude by writing the significance of such accounts.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western educated Africans. Examine. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

The unification of Germany fundamentally reshaped the balance of power in Europe. Analyse.

Approach:

• Start with brief introduction of how Germany got unified.
• Discuss how it reshaped the power equation in Europe.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Events around the globe at beginning of the last decade of 20th century, influenced multiple changes in India which had long lasting consequences. Comment.

Approach:

• First list out major global events of the last decade of 20th Century.
• Then comment on the influence of these events in India. You can divide the effects of it under the headings such political, economic, social/cultural, defense, foreign affairs, etc.

Question: Write in 150 Words

Examine the forces set in motion by the First World War that developed into India’s independence movement.

Approach

• Introduction : Briefly tell about the widespread nature of impact of World war I on India.
• Body : Talk about the events that had direct or indirect impact on the India’s Independence Movement. Secondly, talk about how they set in motion India’s Independence Movement.
• Conclusion : Conclude on the lines that World War I had profound impression on the Indian Freedom Movement and how it gave it fresh vigour and Energy

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The New Economic Policy – 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Critically examine the point of view that cultural diversity in India has been a hindrance to the process of nation building.

Approach:

• Briefly explain nation building.
• Put forth the points that suggest that diversity is hurdle to nation building.
• Discuss how diversity has facilitated nation building.
• In conclusion suggest how nation building can be carried on without harming diversity.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Even as the caste system has weakened in recent times, caste based identity has strengthened particularly in the wake of democratic politics in India. Comment.

Approach:

• Give a very brief overview of the caste system in Indian society
• State the factors that have weakened the hold of caste in society
• Also, list the reasons why caste based identity has strengthened, with focus on democratic politics.
• Suggest some ways to weaken caste identities.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation is the essence of unity in diversity. Elaborate. Also explain why diversity is considered an asset for Indian society.

Approach:

• Introduction: Highlight the context of the question, emphasizing upon importance of unity in diversity as a hallmark of Indian society.
• Body: Divide the body into three sub headings each addressing the facets of: UNITY WITHOUT UNIFORMITY, DIVERSITY WITHOUT FRAGMENTATION, and, DIVERSITY AS ASSET.
• Conclusion: Conclude, by presenting the importance of as well as challenges in maintaining a robust diversity in Indian society.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples. (15 Marks/PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

An effective strategy to eliminate poverty must consider it as a violation of human rights and not just an economic issue. Discuss in the context of India.

Approach:

• Mention the limitations of viewing poverty as just an economic issue.
• Discuss the implications of a human rights-based approach to eliminate poverty.
• Also, discuss in brief, the limitations associated with human rights-based approach.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The role of women since independence has not been confined to issues of women alone, rather they have played an important role in the issues related to peasants, tribals, farmers, trade unions and environment. Discuss.

Approach:

• In a brief introduction, provide a background of women emerging as important actors in their own right through participating in the struggles for issues related to them.
• Following that, enumerate the examples of women’s participation in peasant, tribal, trade union and environmental movements in which women and women organizations played a key role.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

While on the one hand, violence and discrimination against women justify strong laws, on the other hand, such laws are also misused. Why does such a state of affair exist in the Indian society? Discuss the reasons behind it.

Approach:

• Explain why strong laws are required for women related violence and discrimination in our country
• Discuss the reasons for the misuse of these laws.
• End with positive note like how to overcome this kind of crisis.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

 ‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view. (15 Marks/PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

The diffusion of Marxism in India has been significant, but often in synthesis with progressive indigenous philosophies. Comment.

Approach

• Briefly define what Marxism is.
• Discuss how diffusion of Marxism in India has been significant.
• Describe how it has been in synthesis with progressive indigenous philosophies.
• Conclude with its relevance in contemporary times.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Regionalism on one hand promotes cultural diversity and political autonomy while on the other hand it creates barriers to movement of people across different states defying the constitutional norms. Discuss.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Globalization has both positive and negative effects on children in India. Explain with suitable examples.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

 “An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples (10 Marks/PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Buddhism not only enriched Indian philosophy but also left an indelible imprint on ancient Indian art and architecture. Explain with adequate examples.

Approach

• State how Buddhism has enriched Indian philosophy.
• Further, state the contributions of Buddhism to Indian art through sculptures, paintings etc.
• Similarly, state how it enriched Indian architecture, thereby, depicting its multi-faceted contribution to Indian culture.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The most powerful trend of medieval Indian literature between 1000 and 1800 A.D. is devotional (bhakti) poetry, which dominates almost all the major languages of the country. Comment.

Approach

• Give a brief introduction about Bhakti literature.
• Give examples which show dominant Bhakti poetry in many languages

Question: Write in 150 Words

Certain classical and folk dance forms in India are a unique amalgamation of martial arts and temple rituals. Elucidate.

Approach

• In the introductory paragraph, briefly mention varied and diverse factors that influence a dance form.
• Giving examples, illustrate how few dance forms have drawn heavily from martial traditions.
• Also show how they are an amalgamation of temple rituals.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

“Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Communal consciousness arose as a result of socio-political and economic transformation of colonial India. Examine.

Approach

• Briefly define communal consciousness in Indian context.
• Then highlight how it has socio-economic and political roots.
• Discuss the contribution of colonialism in this.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

The East India Company as a political power had long been dead, what the Act of 1858 did was to give its corpse a decent burial. Analyze.

Approach

• Give a brief background on rise of EIC as a political power in India.
• Mention provisions in Pitts India Act, 1784, and Charter Acts of 1813, 1833 and 1853 that diluted the company’s independent control over Indian empire.
• Conclude with how after the Revolt of 1857, the transfer of power to British Crown was completed through the Act of 1858

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s. (PYQ)

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power? (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

What are ‘dead zones’? Mention the reasons for their formation. Explain, in brief, the impact of such dead zones. 

Approach:

• Define dead zones comprehensively.
• Enlist reasons for their formation.
• Discuss the impact of these zones.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Illustrating the mountain building process that led to the formation of Himalayas, elaborate why they are often referred to as young and restless mountains.

Approach :

• Briefly describe Himalayas.
• Explain its formation over the years.
• Discuss why they are called young and restless.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

In combining the sea floor spreading theory with continental drift and information on global seismicity, the theory of Plate Tectonics provides a coherent explanation for crustal movements. Discuss.

Approach:

• Discuss how the Plate Tectonics Theory explains the process of crustal movements
• Explain briefly continental drift theory, sea floor spreading and global seismicity.
• Also, state how Plate Tectonics theory incorporates the continental drift theory, sea floor spreading theory and information on global seismicity

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Why Bay of Bengal region is regularly affected by tropical cyclones? Examine why despite the regular occurrence, the region lacks the advance planning and institutional infrastructure.

Approach:

▪️Brief introduction on Bay of Bengal area and tropical cyclones
▪️Reasons for regular tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal region
▪️Reasons for lack of planning and institutional infrastructure
▪️Conclusion

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Arresting the deterioration of soil health is key to achieve food security. Discussing the regional variations in soil quality, mention some measures taken by the government for its improvement.

Approach:
• Highlight the context of the given statement.
• Discuss in brief the regional variations that have occurred in the soil quality.
• Mention the measures taken by the government for tackling the above problems.

Question: Write in 150 Words

Indian urban landscape being designed around grand concepts such as smart cities and export-oriented industrial corridors, will only exacerbate the existing inequalities and lead to social exclusion.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents. Why? (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

What role have volcanoes played in formation of earth’s atmosphere in the past? Elaborate on the impact of volcanic activity on climate change in contemporary times. 

Approach:

• Briefly discuss the role played by volcanoes in formation of earth’s atmosphere.
• Bring out the impact on gasses released from volcanic eruptions on global climate.
• Discuss how it impacts cooling of the planet.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Groundwater shortages have long been predicted but what is concerning is the rapid contamination of groundwater especially with elements such as uranium and nitrate. Analyse the issue while suggesting potential solutions.

Approach:

• Write the data of groundwater shortage.▪️
• Write the problem of groundwater shortage and contamination. 
• Write the potential solutions.
• Explain why it is important to look into the gravity of the issue

Question: Write in 250 Words

Explain the reasons behind earthquakes in Himalayas being more intense and frequent than the ones occurring in Alps region. Why are scientists predicting a largescale earthquake in northern India? Also, elaborate upon some prominent earthquake forecasting techniques.

 Approach:

• Explain the reasons behind earthquakes in Himalayas being more intense and frequent than the ones occurring in Alps region.
• State the reasons for scientists predicting a large-scale earthquake in northern India.
• Elaborate upon some prominent earthquake forecasting techniques

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Differentiate between eustatic and isostatic type of sea-level changes. Also, discuss the resultant landforms which are likely to be formed as a result of sea-level fluctuations.

 Approach:

• Start with defining the two given types of sea-level changes.
• Discuss the resultant landforms due to sea-level changes.
• Conclude.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Discuss the socio-economic significance of the phenomenon of shifting of pressure belts.

Approach

▪️Introduction: Describe what pressure belts are and show them on a diagram.

▪️Body:

• Give in brief the reasons for shifting of pressure belts.
• Address the demand of the question i.e. discuss the socio­economic significance of shifting of pressure belts. This can be done by highlighting the shifting process at regional as well as global scale.

▪️Conclusion: In any question on climatology, the impact of climate change and Paris Agreement can be cited

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Discuss the phenomenon of orogenesis using plate tectonics theory.

 Approach

• Introduction: Introduce by explaining the meaning of orogenesis. Here one has to write about folding and faulting and the types of orogeny they result.
• Body: In this section, one should write what plate tectonics theory is and then elaborate how this theory helps in explaining the process of orogenesis. Here subheadings can be used and for each subheading an appropriate diagram must be drawn. Examples from across the world may be written.
• Conclusion: In conclusion, there should be an appraisal of plate tectonics theory

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples.(PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Volcanoes are classified on the basis of nature of eruption and the form developed at the surface. Elaborate. Also, discuss the volcanic land forms?

Approach:

• Brief introduction on volcanoes
• Classification of volcano
• Volcanic land forms

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Highlight the factors which are responsible for the evolution of the current drainage system in Indian subcontinent, with special emphasis on the characteristic features of Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Approach:
• Briefly write about the current drainage system in Indian sub-continent.
• Mention the earlier drainage system and discuss its evolution citing the important factors responsible for the evolution of current drainage system.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Arresting the deterioration of soil health is key to achieve food security. Discussing the regional variations in soil quality, mention some measures taken by the government for its improvement.

Approach:

• Highlight the context of the given statement.
• Discuss in brief the regional variations that have occurred in the soil quality.
• Mention the measures taken by the government for tackling the above problems.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why? (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

The dry deciduous forests of India are often prone to forest fires in the early high sun season. Critically comment on policies and methods that are followed in India to fight forest fires. Enlist some steps which can help in taming such fires.

Approach:
▪️Introduction: Provide reasons for forest fires
▪️Body:
Discuss about National plan for forest fire management and Incident Command System
Enumerate Issues with existing policies and methods
▪️Conclusion: Suggest few measures as way forward

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Giving an account of their impact, mention the reasons for increased frequency of dust storms as observed in the last few years.

Approach:
• Briefly explain the concept and formation mechanism of dust storms.
• Mention the reasons for increased frequency of dust storms in the recent years.
• Delineate the impact of dust storms.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Highlight the various factors that trigger Glacial Lake Outburst Floods. Also, Enlist some steps that need to be taken to minimize their impact.

Approach:

• Define Glacial Lake Outburst Floods.
• Enumerate its triggering factors.
• Mention measures that are required to minimize the impact of these floods.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the habitants of the place?

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

With rapid industrialization, the threat of industrial disasters has increased. Explain the meaning of industrial disaster with adequate examples. Also, highlight the legal and institutional framework to reduce the risk during such events. 

Approach :

• First of all, briefly define the concept of industrial disaster along with some examples of major incidents regarding the same.
• Then highlight the existing legal and institutional framework in place to mitigate the risk during such incidents.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discuss the vulnerabilities of urban areas to disasters. What measures have been taken to minimise the losses in such areas during disasters? What further improvements would you suggest to make them more resilient?

Approach:

• Introduce by highlighting the vulnerability of the urban areas to disasters.
• Bring out the measures taken to minimise the losses in such areas .
• Suggest other ways to improve the disaster resilience framework further

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Highlighting India’s vulnerability to droughts, discuss the major guidelines of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) for management of droughts.

Approach :

• Briefly discuss the key facts regarding India’s vulnerability to droughts.
• Discuss the impacts of drought on Indian economy.
• Discuss the NDMA guidelines and challenges attached to the management of drought.
• Discuss government initiative and innovative measures to overcome the challenges posed by Drought.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) of India needs a rapid review to initiate and integrate between climate adaptation plans and management of disaster risks. Comment.

Approach:
▪️Introduction: Briefly introduce the National Disaster Management Plan and contextualise the question.
▪️Body: The question carries Two Parts:
• Part One should contain points explaining why India needs a rapid review to initiate and integrate between climate adaptation plans and management of disaster risks.
• Part Two should contain recommendations on how India needs a rapid review to initiate and integrate between climate adaptation plans and management of disaster risks
▪️Conclusion: Provide a very brief positive conclusion

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

What is Community Based Disaster Management (CBDM)? Highlight its main principles, features and significance for resilient disaster preparedness in India.

Approach :
• Define community-based disaster management.
• Highlight its key features and significance for disaster preparedness.
• Give examples.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Various geographical and anthropogenic factors have rendered Brahmaputra Valley susceptible to recurrent floods. Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation.

Approach:

• Give a brief background of the floods in Brahmaputra Valley.
• List the geographical factors leading to frequent floods.
• List the man-made factors.
• Suggest mitigating measures that can reduce flooding.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 150 Words

Oceans are suffocating as dead zones have been quadrupled in size since 1950s. In this context, discuss the causes and effects of Ocean Dead Zones on marine ecosystem.

Approach :

• Brief introduction on dead zone that has quadrupled since 1950s
• Causes and effects of Ocean Dead Zones on marine ecosystem
• Conclusion 

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Globalization is a double-edged sword, which on one hand ensures economic growth but on the other hand, assaults national sovereignty, erodes local culture and threatens economic and social instability. Critically examine the statement in context of Indian society.

Approach :

▪️Give a brief introduction about globalization.
▪️Explain how it ensures economic growth.
▪️Mention its impact on national sovereignty, local culture and socio-economic stability with respect to the Indian society.
▪️Conclude your answer with a balanced approach.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

“The pattern of the rural settlement is the result of a series of adjustments to the environment and local resources”. Analyze it with reference to the development of the linear and circular settlement.

Approach:

▪️Briefly explain the impact of terrain, socio-economic and caste factor on the pattern and shape of rural settlements. 
▪️Explain Linear and Circular settlement in detail with examples. 
▪️Conclude with examples of circular and linear patterns developed in India. 

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.(PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question : Write in 150 Words

India has a long way to go in identifying shale gas-rich basins and acquiring the necessary technology to extract shale gas. Discuss.

Approach:
▪️Briefly outline the potential of shale gas reserves in India.
▪️Discuss the status of the discovery of these reserves and the problems in extracting shale gas, especially the lack of technology.
▪️Conclude with the way forward.

Question: Write in 250 Words

What is Conservation Agriculture? Highlight the prospects and challenges of adopting Conservation Agriculture in India. Also, mention some important policy considerations for its promotion.

Approach:
• In the first part, explain the concept of conservation agriculture briefly.
• Divide the second part into prospects and challenges.
• In the last part, write the elements of policy need to promote conservation agriculture.

Question: Write in 150 Words

Highlight the factors which are responsible for location of high-tech industries in the vicinity of major metropolitan regions.

Approach:
· Brief introduction about the factors responsible for location of Industries especially hi-tech industries in general.
· Explain why most of the Hi-tech industries are located nearby metropolitan centres.

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

The mining of sand and gravel has reached a level that is threatening the environment and ecosystem. Comment. What can be done to ensure that such mining is carried out in a sustainable manner? In this reference, highlight the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Approach:
• Give a brief picture of mining of sand and gravel in India.
• Bring out its threats/effects on environment and ecosystem.
• Discuss in context of guidelines issued by MoEFCC to ensure that such mining is carried out in a sustainable manner.

Question : Write in 150 Words

Identify the major Uranium reserves in the world and the countries from where India sources it. What measures are required to ensure supply security of fuel for nuclear plants in the country?

Approach :

• Identify the major uranium reserves in the world
• Mention the countries from where India sources its Uranium
• Provide measures which are required to ensure supply-security of nuclear fuel in india

Question : Write in 150 Words

Highlight the factors responsible for location of automobile industries in India. Also, examine the challenges in the wake of transformations taking place in the automotive industry.

Approach :

• Enumerate the locational factors of automobile industry in India.
• Mention the challenges faced by the automotive industry in the wake of turbulent transformations

Question: Write in 150 Words

Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discussing the reasons behind disappearance of springs, examine how springshed management can help revive springs, especially in the Himalayan region.

Approach:
· Briefly mention about the importance of springs.
· State the reasons behind disappearance of springs.
· Examine how springshed management can help revive springs especially in the Himalayan region.

Question : Write in 150 Words

Highlight the key factors that need to be considered in deciding the location of nuclear power plants. Also, explain the difficulties India faces in utilizing the large reserves of thorium as part of its civil nuclear programme. 

Approach:
▪️Introduce by stating the relevance of nuclear power in India’s energy mix.
▪️Discuss various location and non- location factors – availability of land, technology, water availability, disaster-secure etc.
▪️Highlight the challenges India faces in utilization of thorium reserves

Question : Write in 250 Words

Explain the concept of Biogeochemical cycles and their significance in the functioning of ecosystems. What are the challenges that they face because of anthropogenic factors?

Approach:
· Introduce the answer by explaining the concept of biogeochemical cycles.
· Explain its significance in the functioning of the ecosystem.
· Conclude the answer by enlisting challenges faced by these cycles due to human interventions.

Question: Write in 150 Words

Transit Oriented Development is an exciting fast growing idea of creating vibrant, liveable and sustainable cities. Examine its pros and cons in India’s context. 

Approach:
▪️Define what transit oriented development is.
▪️Analyse the pros and cons in Indian context.
▪️Write a way forward by including what needs to be done.

Question: Write in 150 Words

Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent.  (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select only 1 Question out of 4

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question : Write in 150 Words

India’s people and the environment have been paying the price for its lethargic and poor state of environmental governance. Critically examine. Discuss the issues related to environmental governance in India and world. Discuss how federalism can be a better solution.

Approach:

▪️Briefly introduce the term environmental governance.
▪️Discuss the issues, challenges and steps taken for environmental governance in India and world. 
▪️Discuss steps need to be taken and how federalism can be a better solution. 
▪️Conclusion.

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discuss the reasons behind increased instances of human-wildlife conflict and suggest some mitigation measures to address them.

Approach :

• Provide a brief introduction mentioning the rising tide of human-wildlife conflict.
• Highlight the root causes of the problem.
• List effective and creative mitigation measures to address them

Question: Write in 250 Words

Air quality in Indian households, especially in rural areas, is lethal due to a number of factors. In this context, highlighting the challenges faced in improving indoor air quality, enumerate the measures that can be taken to address them.

Approach:
· Define indoor air pollution while mentioning its sources.
· Mention the impact of indoor air pollution, especially in rural areas.
· Highlight the effect of indoor air pollution on health.
· Discuss the challenges faced in improving indoor air quality.
· Suggest measures to curb/mitigate the problem

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

State the conditions that are conducive for the formation of coral reefs. Mention the anthropogenic factors that have resulted in their decline. Also highlight its consequences. 

Approach :

• Mention the conditions that are conducive for formation of coral reefs.
• State the anthropogenic factors that have resulted in the decline of coral reefs.
• Additionally, list the consequences of decline of coral reefs.

Question: Write in 250 Words

Discuss how drought is more of a man-made disaster than a mere deficiency of rainfall. Elaborate on the consequences of desertification that drought prone regions face. Also, bring out the preventive steps to be taken in light of targets to curb desertification as mentioned under the SDGs.

Approach:

• For the first part, talk about how drought is a broader concept than just deficiency of rainfall. Use different types of droughts for supporting your point. However, do not base the answer on them.
• Highlight the consequences of desertification that drought prone regions face.
• For the last part, first mention the SDGs concerned with combating desertification. Then talk about the preventive steps needed.

Question : Write in 150 Words

Urban floods are not only an ecological disturbance produced due to anthropogenic factors, they are also an occurrence within a sociopolitical space. Analyse.

Question: Write in 150 Words

In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Though it started as an anti-partition movement in 1903, the Swadeshi movement turned into a multi- faceted mass movement after 1905. Examine. Also, discuss the reasons for its decline and its contribution to the Indian freedom struggle.

Approach:

• In the first part, talk about how Swadeshi movement turned into multi-faceted mass movement after 1905.
• Reasons for the decline of movement.
• Its contribution to Indian freedom struggle.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

The transformation in agriculture was also reflected in social as well as political relations in India. Analyse in the context of green revolution and rise of a new agrarian class.

Approach:

• Mention the transformation of Indian agriculture and the role played by Green Revolution.
• Discuss the social and political impacts brought about by this transformation.

OR

Question : Write in 150 Words

Marine resources form the next frontier of man’s quest for development. Comment.

OR

Question : Write in 250 Words

The third decade of twentieth century is considered as a turning point in the Indian Freedom Struggle in many ways. In this context, discuss the new forces that emerged in this decade and their significance in the Indian freedom struggle.

Approach:

• In the introduction provide a brief explanation of the statement.
• Identify the key actors that emerged in this period.
• Delineate the influence and significance of these on the freedom struggle.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society. Elucidate. (PYQ)

Note:

1. Select 1 Question out of 4.

2. Do write your Registration number, Date of Questions, World Limit and Question no. clearly on the top of first page of your answer copy. 

3. Rename your file as: Registration No._Date of Questions asked. Eg. 115P121_12June

4. Must write Question on Answer copy OR Attach a screenshot of the Question

5. World limit as specified, should be adhered to it. 

Question: Write in 250 Words

Give an outline of the major geological events that have shaped the present drainage system of Peninsular India. Also, explain why peninsular rivers are unsuitable for navigation but facilitate hydroelectric power generation.

Approach:

• Briefly discuss the factors which shape drainage system in general.
• Outline the major geological events that have shaped the present drainage system of Peninsular India.
• Explain why peninsular rivers are unsuitable for navigation but facilitate hydroelectric power generation.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

To what extent is Indian culture resilient to westernisation and globalisation?

Approach:

• Introduction: Briefly define westernisation and globalisation.
• Body: Write the positive and negative impacts of the westernisation and globalisation. Subsequently, measure the extent of the resilience of the Indian Culture.
• Conclusion: Write a conclusion with a mix of the way forward

OR

Question : Write in 150 Words

The disintegration of Soviet Union was followed by a transition in both economic and political spheres. Analyse.

Approach:

• Enumerate the issues which Post-communist countries faced following the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
• Focus on transition in both economic and political sphere separately. Talk about how these two differed.

OR

Question: Write in 150 Words

Decolonisation was neither an accident nor a product of any grand design, rather it resulted from the confluence of various local and global factors. Discuss.

Approach:

• Briefly define decolonization.
• Discuss various local and global factors responsible for decolonization.

OR

Question: Write in 250 Words

A three pronged strategy of social empowerment, economic empowerment and social justice is needed to ensure removal of disparities, elimination of exploitation and protection of disadvantaged sections in India. Elaborate. Also enumerate the steps taken by the government in this regard.

Approach:

• Briefly discuss the issue faced by the disadvantaged sections.
• Discuss how the three pronged strategy works for their benefit.
• Mention the steps taken by the government.