TST 34 – 2021

1st Plan 2025 : (4) History 1

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1. Answered
2. Review

1. Question 1 of 100

   1. Question

   Consider following pairs:
   Buddhist councils : places
   (A) First Buddhist councils 1. Patliputra
   (B) Second Buddhist councils 2.Vaisali
   (C) Third Buddhist councils 3.Rajgriha
   How many of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
   (A) Only one pair
   (B) Only two pairs
   (C) All three pairs
   (D) None of the pairs

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Buddhist Councils
   Pair 1 is incorrect : The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajagraha under the chairmanship of Mahakasapa immediately after the death of Buddha. Its purpose was to maintain the purity of the teachings of the Buddha.
   Pair 2 is correct : The second Buddhist Council was convened at Vaisali around 383 B.C.
   Pair 3 is incorrect : The third Buddhist Council was held at Pataliputra under the patronage of Asoka. Moggaliputta Tissa presided over it. The final version of Tripitakas was completed in this council.
   The fourth Buddhist Council was convened in Kashmir by Kanishka under the chairmanship of Vasumitra. Asvagosha participated in this council. The new school of Buddhism called Mahayana Buddhism came into existence during this council. The Buddhism preached by the Buddha and propagated by Asoka was known as Hinayana. The Buddhist texts were collected and compiled some five hundred years after the death of the Buddha. They are known as the Tripitakas, namely the Sutta, the Vinaya and the Abhidhamma Pitakas. They are written in the Pali language.

   Unattempted
   

   Buddhist Councils
   Pair 1 is incorrect : The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajagraha under the chairmanship of Mahakasapa immediately after the death of Buddha. Its purpose was to maintain the purity of the teachings of the Buddha.
   Pair 2 is correct : The second Buddhist Council was convened at Vaisali around 383 B.C.
   Pair 3 is incorrect : The third Buddhist Council was held at Pataliputra under the patronage of Asoka. Moggaliputta Tissa presided over it. The final version of Tripitakas was completed in this council.
   The fourth Buddhist Council was convened in Kashmir by Kanishka under the chairmanship of Vasumitra. Asvagosha participated in this council. The new school of Buddhism called Mahayana Buddhism came into existence during this council. The Buddhism preached by the Buddha and propagated by Asoka was known as Hinayana. The Buddhist texts were collected and compiled some five hundred years after the death of the Buddha. They are known as the Tripitakas, namely the Sutta, the Vinaya and the Abhidhamma Pitakas. They are written in the Pali language.
2. Question 2 of 100

   2. Question

   consider the following satements about Kushanas.
   (1) the founder of Kushan dyanasty was Kadphises 1.
   (2) Kanishka was the great patron of Hinyana buddhism .
   (3) Kushans are the first rulers in India to issue gold coins on large scale.
   (4) Gandhara school art patronised by kushans.
   How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All three
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Statement 1 is correct : The Kushanas were a branch of Yuchi tribe, whose original home was central Asia. They first came to Bactria displacing the Sakas. Then they gradually moved tothe Kabul valley and seized the Gandhara region. The founder of the Kushana dynasty was Kujula Kadphises or Kadphises I.
   Statement 2 is incorrect : Kanishka was the most important ruler of the Kushana dynasty. Kanishka was the great patron of Mahayana bhudhism. He was the founder of the Saka era which starts from 78 A.D. He was notonly a great conqueror but also a patron of religion and art. Kanishka embraced Buddhism in the early part of his reign. However, his coins exhibit the images of not only Buddha but also Greek and Hindu gods.
   Statement 3 is correct : Vima Kadphises, Kushana ruler was the first to issue gold coins on a large scale.
   Kushanas issued mostly gold coins and numerous copper coins which are found in most parts of north India up to Bihar.
   The Gold Dinara's or Suvarnas were based on the Roman denarius.
   Many Indian gods and goddesses depicted on Kushana coins besides many Persian and Greek deities.
   Statement 4 is correct : It mostly flourished in the areas of Afghanistan and present North-Western India. The prominent locations were Taxila, Peshawar, Begram, and Bamiyan. The best of the Gandhara sculpture was produced during the first and second centuries A.D. It originated during the reign of Indo-Greek rulers but the real patrons of this school of art were the Sakas and the Kushanas,particularly Kanishka. Gandhara art was a blend of Indian and Graeco-Roman elements.

   Unattempted
   

   Statement 1 is correct : The Kushanas were a branch of Yuchi tribe, whose original home was central Asia. They first came to Bactria displacing the Sakas. Then they gradually moved tothe Kabul valley and seized the Gandhara region. The founder of the Kushana dynasty was Kujula Kadphises or Kadphises I.
   Statement 2 is incorrect : Kanishka was the most important ruler of the Kushana dynasty. Kanishka was the great patron of Mahayana bhudhism. He was the founder of the Saka era which starts from 78 A.D. He was notonly a great conqueror but also a patron of religion and art. Kanishka embraced Buddhism in the early part of his reign. However, his coins exhibit the images of not only Buddha but also Greek and Hindu gods.
   Statement 3 is correct : Vima Kadphises, Kushana ruler was the first to issue gold coins on a large scale.
   Kushanas issued mostly gold coins and numerous copper coins which are found in most parts of north India up to Bihar.
   The Gold Dinara's or Suvarnas were based on the Roman denarius.
   Many Indian gods and goddesses depicted on Kushana coins besides many Persian and Greek deities.
   Statement 4 is correct : It mostly flourished in the areas of Afghanistan and present North-Western India. The prominent locations were Taxila, Peshawar, Begram, and Bamiyan. The best of the Gandhara sculpture was produced during the first and second centuries A.D. It originated during the reign of Indo-Greek rulers but the real patrons of this school of art were the Sakas and the Kushanas,particularly Kanishka. Gandhara art was a blend of Indian and Graeco-Roman elements.
3. Question 3 of 100

   3. Question

   This was the one the famous play written by kalidasa. It tells the story of King Dushyanta who, while on a hunting trip, meets a girl, the adopted daughter of a sage, and marries her.
   It was among the first Sanskrit works to be translated into English.
   Which among the following describes above passage ?
   (A) Abhijnanashakuntalam
   (B) Kumarsambhava
   (C) Meghaduta
   (D) Raghuvamsa

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   The Recognition of Sakuntala is a play written in Sanskrit by the Indian poet Kalidasa. It tells the story of the Indian King, Dushyanta, and his marriage to the maiden Sakuntala.
   According to the myths, Sakuntala is abandoned by her parents at birth and grows up in a small hermitage (sort of like a monastery) belonging to the sage Kanva. One day, while Kanva is away from the hermitage, King Dushyanta stumbles upon Sakuntala while hunting. Dushyanta falls immediately inlove. He approaches Sakuntala, courts her, and then marries her.

   Unattempted
   

   The Recognition of Sakuntala is a play written in Sanskrit by the Indian poet Kalidasa. It tells the story of the Indian King, Dushyanta, and his marriage to the maiden Sakuntala.
   According to the myths, Sakuntala is abandoned by her parents at birth and grows up in a small hermitage (sort of like a monastery) belonging to the sage Kanva. One day, while Kanva is away from the hermitage, King Dushyanta stumbles upon Sakuntala while hunting. Dushyanta falls immediately inlove. He approaches Sakuntala, courts her, and then marries her.
4. Question 4 of 100

   4. Question

   Consider the following books :
   (1) Ratnavali
   (2) Nagananda
   (3) priyardasika
   (4) Raghuvamsa
   (5) Kadambari
   How many of the above books were written by Harshavardhana ?
   (A) Only two
   (B) Only three
   (C) All five
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Harshavardhana was born in 590 AD to King Prabhakaravardhana of Sthaneshvara (Thanesar, Haryana). He belonged to the Pushyabhuti also called the Vardhana dynasty.
   Ratnavali (Precious Garland) is a Sanskrit drama about a beautiful princess named Ratnavali, and a great king named Udayana. It is attributed to the Indian emperor Harsha (606–648).
   Nagananda (Joy of the Serpents) is a Sanskrit play attributed to emperor Harsha (ruled 606 C.E. – 648 C.E.). Nagananda is among the most acclaimed Sanskrit dramas. Through five acts, it tells the popular tory of Vidyadhar King Jimutavahana’s self-sacrifice to save the Nagas.
   Raghuvamsa is a Sanskrit mahakavya (epic poem) by the most celebrated Sanskrit poet Kalidasa. Though an exact date of composition is unknown, the poet is presumed to have flourished in the 5th century CE.
   Priyadarshika is a gripping Sanskrit drama revolving around Kings, wars and love. It is written by Harsha and is centred around the life of princess Aranyaka.
   Kadambari is a famous book composed by Banabhatta.
   Hence, Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyardasika were written by Harshavardhana.

   Unattempted
   

   Harshavardhana was born in 590 AD to King Prabhakaravardhana of Sthaneshvara (Thanesar, Haryana). He belonged to the Pushyabhuti also called the Vardhana dynasty.
   Ratnavali (Precious Garland) is a Sanskrit drama about a beautiful princess named Ratnavali, and a great king named Udayana. It is attributed to the Indian emperor Harsha (606–648).
   Nagananda (Joy of the Serpents) is a Sanskrit play attributed to emperor Harsha (ruled 606 C.E. – 648 C.E.). Nagananda is among the most acclaimed Sanskrit dramas. Through five acts, it tells the popular tory of Vidyadhar King Jimutavahana’s self-sacrifice to save the Nagas.
   Raghuvamsa is a Sanskrit mahakavya (epic poem) by the most celebrated Sanskrit poet Kalidasa. Though an exact date of composition is unknown, the poet is presumed to have flourished in the 5th century CE.
   Priyadarshika is a gripping Sanskrit drama revolving around Kings, wars and love. It is written by Harsha and is centred around the life of princess Aranyaka.
   Kadambari is a famous book composed by Banabhatta.
   Hence, Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyardasika were written by Harshavardhana.
5. Question 5 of 100

   5. Question

   Arrange the following Dynasties according to their time of rules :
   (1) Sunga Dynasty
   (2) Kanva dynasty
   (3) Shaisunaga dynasty
   (4) Harshvardhana
   (A) 1, 2, 3, 4
   (B) 1, 2 ,4, 3
   (C) 3, 1, 4, 2
   (D) 3, 1, 2, 4

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Sunga Dynasty : 185 BCE–73 BCE
   Kanva dynasty: 72 BCE- 28 BCE
   Shaisunaga dynasty – 413 BCE–345 BCE
   Harshvardhana : 606 to 647 CE.
   Shaishunaga dynasties believed to have been the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, an empire of ancient India. According to the Hindu Puranas, this dynastywas the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding Nagadashaka of the Haryanka dynasty.
   The Sunga Dynasty was an ancient dynasty established in the post-Mauryan period. The Sunga dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Sunga by overthrowing the Maurya dynasty in 185 BCE. There were ten rulers in the Sunga dynasty who in total ruled for about 112 years.
   The Kanva dynasty or Kanvayana was the eighth ruling dynasty of Magadha, established after Vasudeva Kanva overthrew the preceding Shunga dynasty and ruled from 72 BCE to 28 BCE.
   King Harshavardhana was also known as Harsha. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhana, the founder ofthe Pushyabhuti Dynasty or the Vardhana Dynasty. Harshavardhana is considered as one of the most prominent Indian emperors in the 7th century AD.

   Unattempted
   

   Sunga Dynasty : 185 BCE–73 BCE
   Kanva dynasty: 72 BCE- 28 BCE
   Shaisunaga dynasty – 413 BCE–345 BCE
   Harshvardhana : 606 to 647 CE.
   Shaishunaga dynasties believed to have been the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, an empire of ancient India. According to the Hindu Puranas, this dynastywas the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding Nagadashaka of the Haryanka dynasty.
   The Sunga Dynasty was an ancient dynasty established in the post-Mauryan period. The Sunga dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Sunga by overthrowing the Maurya dynasty in 185 BCE. There were ten rulers in the Sunga dynasty who in total ruled for about 112 years.
   The Kanva dynasty or Kanvayana was the eighth ruling dynasty of Magadha, established after Vasudeva Kanva overthrew the preceding Shunga dynasty and ruled from 72 BCE to 28 BCE.
   King Harshavardhana was also known as Harsha. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhana, the founder ofthe Pushyabhuti Dynasty or the Vardhana Dynasty. Harshavardhana is considered as one of the most prominent Indian emperors in the 7th century AD.
6. Question 6 of 100

   6. Question

   Proviences under following rulers called by name:
   (A) Mauryan rulers. 1.Chakra
   (B) Gupta. 2.Bhuktis
   (C) Delhi Sultans 3.Iqtas
   (A) A(1) B.(2) C(3)
   (B) A(1) B(3) C(2)
   (C) A(3) B(2) C(1)
   (D) A(2) B(1) C(3)

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Unattempted
   
7. Question 7 of 100

   7. Question

   Match the pairs :
   Buddhist councils : chairperson
   (1) Rajagriha. – i.Mogliputra Tissa
   (2) Pataliputra. – ii.Mahakasapa
   (3) Kashmir. – iii. Vasumitra
   How many of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All three
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   First Buddhist Council
   • Venue: In Sattaparnaguha Cave situated outside Rajgriha (the modern city of Rajgir).
   • Year: 486 BC.
   • King: Ajatasatru, son of King Bimbisara (Haryanka Dynasty).
   • Presiding Priest: Venerable Maha Kasyapa with 500 monks.
   • Took place 3 months after the Buddha’s Passing.
   • The First Buddhist Council collected together and arranged the Buddhist Scriptures known as the Pali Tipitaka.
   • Resulted in:
   (1) Vinaya Pitaka which mainly contains the rules of the Buddhist order. This was recited by Upali.
   (2) Suttapitaka was recited by Ananda. It contains the great collections of Buddha’s sermons on matters of doctrine and ethical beliefs.
   Second Buddhist Council
   • Venue: Vaishali.
   • Year: 386 BC
   • King: Kalasoka (Shisunaga Dynasty).
   • Presiding Priest: Sabakami.
   • Took place 100 years after the Buddha’s passing.
   • In order to settle a serious dispute on Vinaya.
   • The dispute arose over the ‘Ten Points.’
   • This is a reference to claims of some monks breaking ten rules, some of which were considered major.
   Third Buddhist Council
   • Venue: Pataliputra (today’s Patna).
   • Year: 250 BC.
   • King: Ashoka (Maurya Dynasty).
   • Presiding priest: Mogaliputta Tissa (Upagupta).
   • Its objective was to reconcile the different schools of Buddhism and to purify the Buddhist movement, particularly from opportunistic factions which had been attracted by the royal patronage.
   • The responses to doctrinal questions and disputes formulated at the Third Council were recorded by Moggaliputta Tissa in the Kathavatthu, one of the books of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
   Resulted in:
   (1) Made Sthaviravada School as an orthodox school – believed that the past, present, and future are all simultaneous. They may have contributed some formative influence to Mahayana.
   (2) Codification of Abhidhamma Pitaka, dealing with Buddhist philosophy written in Pali.
   Fourth Buddhist Council:
   • Venue: Kundalavana, Kashmir.
   • Year: 72 AD
   • King: Kanishka (Kushan Dynasty), was a patron of Buddhism and was instrumental in spreading the religion in north-western borders of India.
   • Presiding Priest: Vasumitra; deputed by Asvaghosha.
   • The fourth Buddhist Council had to deal with a serious conflict between the Sarvasthivada teachers of Kashmir and Gandhara.

   Unattempted
   

   First Buddhist Council
   • Venue: In Sattaparnaguha Cave situated outside Rajgriha (the modern city of Rajgir).
   • Year: 486 BC.
   • King: Ajatasatru, son of King Bimbisara (Haryanka Dynasty).
   • Presiding Priest: Venerable Maha Kasyapa with 500 monks.
   • Took place 3 months after the Buddha’s Passing.
   • The First Buddhist Council collected together and arranged the Buddhist Scriptures known as the Pali Tipitaka.
   • Resulted in:
   (1) Vinaya Pitaka which mainly contains the rules of the Buddhist order. This was recited by Upali.
   (2) Suttapitaka was recited by Ananda. It contains the great collections of Buddha’s sermons on matters of doctrine and ethical beliefs.
   Second Buddhist Council
   • Venue: Vaishali.
   • Year: 386 BC
   • King: Kalasoka (Shisunaga Dynasty).
   • Presiding Priest: Sabakami.
   • Took place 100 years after the Buddha’s passing.
   • In order to settle a serious dispute on Vinaya.
   • The dispute arose over the ‘Ten Points.’
   • This is a reference to claims of some monks breaking ten rules, some of which were considered major.
   Third Buddhist Council
   • Venue: Pataliputra (today’s Patna).
   • Year: 250 BC.
   • King: Ashoka (Maurya Dynasty).
   • Presiding priest: Mogaliputta Tissa (Upagupta).
   • Its objective was to reconcile the different schools of Buddhism and to purify the Buddhist movement, particularly from opportunistic factions which had been attracted by the royal patronage.
   • The responses to doctrinal questions and disputes formulated at the Third Council were recorded by Moggaliputta Tissa in the Kathavatthu, one of the books of the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
   Resulted in:
   (1) Made Sthaviravada School as an orthodox school – believed that the past, present, and future are all simultaneous. They may have contributed some formative influence to Mahayana.
   (2) Codification of Abhidhamma Pitaka, dealing with Buddhist philosophy written in Pali.
   Fourth Buddhist Council:
   • Venue: Kundalavana, Kashmir.
   • Year: 72 AD
   • King: Kanishka (Kushan Dynasty), was a patron of Buddhism and was instrumental in spreading the religion in north-western borders of India.
   • Presiding Priest: Vasumitra; deputed by Asvaghosha.
   • The fourth Buddhist Council had to deal with a serious conflict between the Sarvasthivada teachers of Kashmir and Gandhara.
8. Question 8 of 100

   8. Question

   Collection of buddhist text known as Tripitakas.
   (A) Sutta pitakas. 1. philosophical analysis and systematization of the teaching.
   (B) Vinaya pitakas 2. Monastic rules of behaviour
   (C) Abhidhamma pitkas 3. speeches and messages of Buddha
   How many of the above pairs are correctly matched ?
   (A) Only one
   (B) Only two
   (C) All three
   (D) None

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Buddhism started in India over 2,600 years ago as a way life that had a potential of transforming a person.It is one of the important religions of South and SouthEastern Asian countries.The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.
   Three Pitakas
   Pair 2 is correct : The Vinaya Pitaka consists of rules of conduct and discipline applicable to the monastic life of the monks and nuns.
   Pair 1 is not correct : The Sutta Pitaka consists of the main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha. It is divided into five Nikayas or collections:
   o Digha Nikaya
   o Majjhima Nikaya
   o Samyutta Nikaya
   o Anguttara Nikaya
   o Khuddaka Nikaya
   Pair 3 is not correct : The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks.
   Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Milind Panha etc.

   Unattempted
   

   Buddhism started in India over 2,600 years ago as a way life that had a potential of transforming a person.It is one of the important religions of South and SouthEastern Asian countries.The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.
   Three Pitakas
   Pair 2 is correct : The Vinaya Pitaka consists of rules of conduct and discipline applicable to the monastic life of the monks and nuns.
   Pair 1 is not correct : The Sutta Pitaka consists of the main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha. It is divided into five Nikayas or collections:
   o Digha Nikaya
   o Majjhima Nikaya
   o Samyutta Nikaya
   o Anguttara Nikaya
   o Khuddaka Nikaya
   Pair 3 is not correct : The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks.
   Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Milind Panha etc.
9. Question 9 of 100

   9. Question

   According to sangama text ,which of tbe following describe Tolkappiyam correctly.
   (A) It is a love story of Kovalan and Madhavi of Kaveripattinam.
   (B) Deals with the adventures of Manimekalai,the daughter born of kovalan nad Madhavi.
   (C) It is a treatises on Polity,ethics and social norms.
   (D) An early work on tamil grammar.

   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   Correct
   

   Incorrect
   

   Tolkappiyam is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.
   There is no firm evidence to assign the authorship of this treatise to any one author. Tholkapiyam, some traditionally believe, was written by a single author named Tholkappiyar, a disciple of Vedic sage Agastya mentioned in the Rigveda (1500–1200 BCE).
   Silappadikaran written by Ilango Adigal .t deal with the story of Kovalan and Madhavi of Kaveripattinam.
   Manimekalai deals with the adventures of Manimekalai,the daughter born of kovalan nad Madhavi.

   Unattempted
   

   Tolkappiyam is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.
   There is no firm evidence to assign the authorship of this treatise to any one author. Tholkapiyam, some traditionally believe, was written by a single author named Tholkappiyar, a disciple of Vedic sage Agastya mentioned in the Rigveda (1500–1200 BCE).
   Silappadikaran written by Ilango Adigal .t deal with the story of Kovalan and Madhavi of Kaveripattinam.
   Manimekalai deals with the adventures of Manimekalai,the daughter born of kovalan nad Madhavi.
10. Question 10 of 100

    10. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) Battle of Hydaspes fought between Alexander and the ruler of Abhisara on karri plain.
    (2) Alexander defeated Porus and annexed his kingdom.
    (3) Alexander’s soldiers refuse to crossed the river Ravi.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Alexander’s Invasion of India (327-325 B.C.) :
    After two centuries of the Persian invasion, Alexander from Macedonia invaded India. On the eve of his invasion, there were a number of small kingdoms in northwestern India. The leading kings were Ambhi of Taxila, the ruler of Abhisara and Porus who ruled the region between the rivers of Jhelum and Chenab. In 327 B.C. Alexander crossed the Hindukush Mountains and spent nearly ten months in fighting with the tribes. He crossed the Indus in February 326 B.C. with the help of the bridge of boats. He was warmly received by Ambhi, the ruler of Taxila.
    Statement 1 is not correct : From there Alexander sent a message to Porus to submit. But Porus refused and decided to fight against Alexander. Then Alexander marched from Taxila to the banks of the river Hydaspes (Jhelum).
    On the other side of the river he saw the vast army of Porus. As there were heavy floods in the Hydaspes (Jhelum) river, Alexander was not able to cross it.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The famous battle of Hydaspes was fought on the plains of Karri. It was a well-contested battle. Although Porus had a strong army, he lost the battle. Alexander was impressed by the courage and heroism of this Indian prince, treated him generously and reinstated him on his throne.
    Statement 3 is not correct : Alexander continued his march as far as the river Beas encountering opposition from the local tribes. He wanted to proceed still further eastwards towards the Gangetic valley. But he could not do so because his soldiers refused to fight.
    Alexander could not persuade them and therefore decided to return home.

    Unattempted
    

    Alexander’s Invasion of India (327-325 B.C.) :
    After two centuries of the Persian invasion, Alexander from Macedonia invaded India. On the eve of his invasion, there were a number of small kingdoms in northwestern India. The leading kings were Ambhi of Taxila, the ruler of Abhisara and Porus who ruled the region between the rivers of Jhelum and Chenab. In 327 B.C. Alexander crossed the Hindukush Mountains and spent nearly ten months in fighting with the tribes. He crossed the Indus in February 326 B.C. with the help of the bridge of boats. He was warmly received by Ambhi, the ruler of Taxila.
    Statement 1 is not correct : From there Alexander sent a message to Porus to submit. But Porus refused and decided to fight against Alexander. Then Alexander marched from Taxila to the banks of the river Hydaspes (Jhelum).
    On the other side of the river he saw the vast army of Porus. As there were heavy floods in the Hydaspes (Jhelum) river, Alexander was not able to cross it.
    Statement 2 is not correct : The famous battle of Hydaspes was fought on the plains of Karri. It was a well-contested battle. Although Porus had a strong army, he lost the battle. Alexander was impressed by the courage and heroism of this Indian prince, treated him generously and reinstated him on his throne.
    Statement 3 is not correct : Alexander continued his march as far as the river Beas encountering opposition from the local tribes. He wanted to proceed still further eastwards towards the Gangetic valley. But he could not do so because his soldiers refused to fight.
    Alexander could not persuade them and therefore decided to return home.
11. Question 11 of 100

    11. Question

    Consider the following books?
    (1) Dayabhaga
    (2) Shatapatha brahmana
    (3) Manusmriti
    (4) Brihad Aranyaka
    How many of the above books is/are not correct on Agriculture rituals in later vedic period?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    • The Dayabhaga is a Hindu law treatise written by Jimutvahana which primarily focuses on inheritance procedure.The central difference between the texts is based upon when one becomes the owner of property.
    • Shatapatha Brahmana, Madhyandina recension belongs to Shukla Yajurveda. It is divided into 14 Kandas, 100 Adhyayas, 68 Prapathakas, 436 Brahmanas and 7179 Kandikas.
    Agricultural activities increased during the Late Vedic period. The Satapatha Brahmana mentions rituals related to ploughing undertaken by the kings.
    This suggests the importance given to cultivation by the rulers, and the shift to agriculture to support the increasing population.
    The god Balarama is depicted with a plough, which suggests the importance of cultivation. The Vedic people cultivated barley and rice, and wheat.
    Wheat was the staple food of Punjab region. The Vedic people began to use rice in the Ganga-Yamuna doab. The use of rice, rather than wheat, is noticed in the Vedic rituals.
    • Manusmrti is one of the best-known legal texts of early India, written in Sanskrit and compiled between second century BCE and second century CE.
    Manusmriti records the words of Lord Brahma only. The text states the law of all the social classes.
    • The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad is tenth in the muktika or “canon of 108 Upanishads”.
    Hence, The Satapatha Brahmana is on Agriculture rituals in later vedic period

    Unattempted
    

    • The Dayabhaga is a Hindu law treatise written by Jimutvahana which primarily focuses on inheritance procedure.The central difference between the texts is based upon when one becomes the owner of property.
    • Shatapatha Brahmana, Madhyandina recension belongs to Shukla Yajurveda. It is divided into 14 Kandas, 100 Adhyayas, 68 Prapathakas, 436 Brahmanas and 7179 Kandikas.
    Agricultural activities increased during the Late Vedic period. The Satapatha Brahmana mentions rituals related to ploughing undertaken by the kings.
    This suggests the importance given to cultivation by the rulers, and the shift to agriculture to support the increasing population.
    The god Balarama is depicted with a plough, which suggests the importance of cultivation. The Vedic people cultivated barley and rice, and wheat.
    Wheat was the staple food of Punjab region. The Vedic people began to use rice in the Ganga-Yamuna doab. The use of rice, rather than wheat, is noticed in the Vedic rituals.
    • Manusmrti is one of the best-known legal texts of early India, written in Sanskrit and compiled between second century BCE and second century CE.
    Manusmriti records the words of Lord Brahma only. The text states the law of all the social classes.
    • The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad is tenth in the muktika or “canon of 108 Upanishads”.
    Hence, The Satapatha Brahmana is on Agriculture rituals in later vedic period
12. Question 12 of 100

    12. Question

    Which of the following Upanishad contain dialogue between husband(Yajnavalkya) and wife(gargi) on Aatma-Parmatma?
    (A) Brihadaranyaka
    (B) chhandogya
    (C) katha upanishad
    (D) tai taiya upanisha

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad is tenth in the muktika or “canon of 108 Upanishads”.
    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is estimated to have been composed about 7th-6th century BCE, excluding some parts estimated to have been composed after the Chandogya Upanishad. The Sanskrit language text is contained within the Shatapatha Brahmana, which is itself a part of the Shukla Yajur Veda.
    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is a treatise on Atman (Self), includes passages on metaphysics, ethics and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various Indian religions, ancient and medieval scholars, and attracted secondary works such as those by Adi Shankara.
    In the sixth and eighth brahmana of the third chapter in Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad is the dialogue between Gargi Vachaknavi – the female Vedic sage, and Yajñavalka, on the nature of universe.

    Unattempted
    

    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad is tenth in the muktika or “canon of 108 Upanishads”.
    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is estimated to have been composed about 7th-6th century BCE, excluding some parts estimated to have been composed after the Chandogya Upanishad. The Sanskrit language text is contained within the Shatapatha Brahmana, which is itself a part of the Shukla Yajur Veda.
    The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is a treatise on Atman (Self), includes passages on metaphysics, ethics and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various Indian religions, ancient and medieval scholars, and attracted secondary works such as those by Adi Shankara.
    In the sixth and eighth brahmana of the third chapter in Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad is the dialogue between Gargi Vachaknavi – the female Vedic sage, and Yajñavalka, on the nature of universe.
13. Question 13 of 100

    13. Question

    Consider the following statements about Jianism :
    (1) Svetambaras were the one who stayed behind and led by the monk named Sthulabhadra.
    (2) Digambars were travelled to South India during famine.
    (3) Chandragupta Maurya followed Svetambar sect.
    How many of the statements given above is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Jainism came to prominence in the 6th century B.C., when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion. Jain order has been divided into two major sects: Digambara and Svetambara.
    Statement 2 is correct : The division occurred mainly due to famine in Magadha which compelled a group led by Bhadrabahu to move South India .During the 12 years famine, the group in South India stick to the strict practices while the group in Magadha adopted a more lax attitude and started wearing white clothes. After the end of famine, when the Southern group came back to Magadha, the changed practices led to the division of Jainism into two sects.
    Digambara:
    o Monks of this sect believe in complete nudity. Male monks do not wear clothes while female monks wear unstitched plain white sarees.
    o Follow all five vows (Satya, Ahimsa, Asteya, Aparigraha and Brahmacharya).
    o Believe women cannot achieve liberation.
    o Bhadrabahu was an exponent of this sect.
    Major Sub-Sects
    o Mula Sangh
    o Bisapantha
    o Terapantha
    o Taranpantha or Samaiyapantha
    O Svetambara:
    o Monks wear white clothes.
    o Follow only 4 vows (except brahmacharya).
    o Believe women can achieve liberation.
    o Statement 1 is correct : Sthulabhadra was an exponent of this sect.
    o Major Sub-Sects
    o Murtipujaka
    o Sthanakvasi
    o Terapanthi
    Statement 3 is incorrect : It is believed that Chandragupta Maurya adopted Jainism and became an ascetic under the influence of the Jain saint Bhadrabahu.

    Unattempted
    

    Jainism came to prominence in the 6th century B.C., when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion. Jain order has been divided into two major sects: Digambara and Svetambara.
    Statement 2 is correct : The division occurred mainly due to famine in Magadha which compelled a group led by Bhadrabahu to move South India .During the 12 years famine, the group in South India stick to the strict practices while the group in Magadha adopted a more lax attitude and started wearing white clothes. After the end of famine, when the Southern group came back to Magadha, the changed practices led to the division of Jainism into two sects.
    Digambara:
    o Monks of this sect believe in complete nudity. Male monks do not wear clothes while female monks wear unstitched plain white sarees.
    o Follow all five vows (Satya, Ahimsa, Asteya, Aparigraha and Brahmacharya).
    o Believe women cannot achieve liberation.
    o Bhadrabahu was an exponent of this sect.
    Major Sub-Sects
    o Mula Sangh
    o Bisapantha
    o Terapantha
    o Taranpantha or Samaiyapantha
    O Svetambara:
    o Monks wear white clothes.
    o Follow only 4 vows (except brahmacharya).
    o Believe women can achieve liberation.
    o Statement 1 is correct : Sthulabhadra was an exponent of this sect.
    o Major Sub-Sects
    o Murtipujaka
    o Sthanakvasi
    o Terapanthi
    Statement 3 is incorrect : It is believed that Chandragupta Maurya adopted Jainism and became an ascetic under the influence of the Jain saint Bhadrabahu.
14. Question 14 of 100

    14. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding Satavahana dynasty:
    (1) Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty.
    (2) They started practice of giving tax free lands to priests.
    (3) First native Indian kings to have issued their own coins which had the rulers’ portraits on them.
    How many of the statements given above is/are not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    • In the Deccan, the Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas. Their rule lasted for about 450 years. They were also known as the Andhras. The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas. Among the inscriptions, the Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. The coins issued by the Satavahanas are also helpful in knowing the economic conditions of that period.
    Statement 3 is correct : Also The Satavahanas were the first native Indian kings to have issued their own coins which had the rulers’ portraits on them. Gautamiputra Satakarni started this practice which he imbibed from the Western Satraps after vanquishing them.
    •Statement 1 is correct : The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka. He was succeeded by Krishna, who extended the kingdom up to Nasik in the west. The third king was Sri Satakarni. He conquered western Malwa and Berar. He also performed asvamedha sacrifices.
    • Statement 2 is correct : The Satavahanas are known for starting the practice of giving royal grants of land to Brahmans and Buddhist monks.

    Unattempted
    

    • In the Deccan, the Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas. Their rule lasted for about 450 years. They were also known as the Andhras. The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas. Among the inscriptions, the Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. The coins issued by the Satavahanas are also helpful in knowing the economic conditions of that period.
    Statement 3 is correct : Also The Satavahanas were the first native Indian kings to have issued their own coins which had the rulers’ portraits on them. Gautamiputra Satakarni started this practice which he imbibed from the Western Satraps after vanquishing them.
    •Statement 1 is correct : The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka. He was succeeded by Krishna, who extended the kingdom up to Nasik in the west. The third king was Sri Satakarni. He conquered western Malwa and Berar. He also performed asvamedha sacrifices.
    • Statement 2 is correct : The Satavahanas are known for starting the practice of giving royal grants of land to Brahmans and Buddhist monks.
15. Question 15 of 100

    15. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) Dravida style has one single shikhara.
    (2) In it the central tower is shaped like a pyramid.
    (3) The temple premise was laid out in the panchayatan style with a principal temple and four subsidiary shrines.
    (4) Gupta’s led the foundation in Dravidian style architecture.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct about Dravidian style of temple architecture ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Most of the architectural remains that survive from Ancient and Medieval India are religious in nature. In different parts of the country, distinct architectural style of temples was result of geographical, ethnic and historical diversities. Two broad orders of temples in the country are known as Nagara in the north and Dravidain the south.
    Dravid Style :
    Deployed for Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu from the 7th to 18th century, characterized by its pyramidal tower.
    Unlike the nagara temple, the dravida temple is enclosed within a compound wall.
    The front wall has an entrance gateway in its centre, which is known as Gopura/ Gopuram.
    Statements 1 and 2 are correct : Consists of a square-chambered sanctuary topped by a superstructure or tower (Vimana). It has pyramidical shaped central tower (called Vimana in Dravida style). In this style, there is only one single Shikhara or Vimana.
    Consists of an attached pillared porch or hall (Mandapa) which precede the door leading to the nucleus cell.
    The vimana is like a stepped pyramid that rise up geometrically rather than the curving shikhara of north India.
    Each story is delineated by a parapet of miniature shrines, and barrel-vault roofs at the centre.
    The tower is topped by a dome-shaped cupola and a crowning pot and finial.
    The temple premise was laid out in the panchayatan style with a principal temple and four subsidiary shrines. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
    Statement 4 is incorrect : The Pallavas laid the foundation of Dravidian architecture.

    Unattempted
    

    Most of the architectural remains that survive from Ancient and Medieval India are religious in nature. In different parts of the country, distinct architectural style of temples was result of geographical, ethnic and historical diversities. Two broad orders of temples in the country are known as Nagara in the north and Dravidain the south.
    Dravid Style :
    Deployed for Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu from the 7th to 18th century, characterized by its pyramidal tower.
    Unlike the nagara temple, the dravida temple is enclosed within a compound wall.
    The front wall has an entrance gateway in its centre, which is known as Gopura/ Gopuram.
    Statements 1 and 2 are correct : Consists of a square-chambered sanctuary topped by a superstructure or tower (Vimana). It has pyramidical shaped central tower (called Vimana in Dravida style). In this style, there is only one single Shikhara or Vimana.
    Consists of an attached pillared porch or hall (Mandapa) which precede the door leading to the nucleus cell.
    The vimana is like a stepped pyramid that rise up geometrically rather than the curving shikhara of north India.
    Each story is delineated by a parapet of miniature shrines, and barrel-vault roofs at the centre.
    The tower is topped by a dome-shaped cupola and a crowning pot and finial.
    The temple premise was laid out in the panchayatan style with a principal temple and four subsidiary shrines. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
    Statement 4 is incorrect : The Pallavas laid the foundation of Dravidian architecture.
16. Question 16 of 100

    16. Question

    ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of
    (A) Chalukya
    (B) Chandela
    (C) Rashtrakuta
    (D) Vijayanagara

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Vijayanagar School: More than one mandaps were built in each temple. The central mandap came to be known as Kalyan Mandap.
    The Kalyana Mandapa, an open pavilion, was used for ceremonies involving the symbolic marriage of the temple’s divinity to his consort. Its interior, surrounded by impressive columns, contains a platform in the centre for the performance of sacred dances.

    Unattempted
    

    Vijayanagar School: More than one mandaps were built in each temple. The central mandap came to be known as Kalyan Mandap.
    The Kalyana Mandapa, an open pavilion, was used for ceremonies involving the symbolic marriage of the temple’s divinity to his consort. Its interior, surrounded by impressive columns, contains a platform in the centre for the performance of sacred dances.
17. Question 17 of 100

    17. Question

    With reference to art and archaeological history of India, which one among the following was made earliest?
    (A) Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar
    (B) Rock cut Elephant at Dhauli
    (C) Rock cut Monuments at Mahabalipuran
    (D) Varaha Image at Udayagiri

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Rock cut Elephant at Dhauli is the oldest rock edict of Ashoka of 250 BC. Dhauli is located on the bank of river Daya, about 8 km from Bhuhaneswar. Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC).
    It is the earliest among the four options.
    • Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar was created in 11th AD
    Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram are 7th century AD creations.
    The Varaha Image at Udayagiri was created in the 5th century AD.

    Unattempted
    

    Rock cut Elephant at Dhauli is the oldest rock edict of Ashoka of 250 BC. Dhauli is located on the bank of river Daya, about 8 km from Bhuhaneswar. Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC).
    It is the earliest among the four options.
    • Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar was created in 11th AD
    Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram are 7th century AD creations.
    The Varaha Image at Udayagiri was created in the 5th century AD.
18. Question 18 of 100

    18. Question

    With reference to the Indian history of art and culture, consider the following statement where Famous work of sculpture and it’s site is mentioned.
    (1) A grand image of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below at Ajanta.
    (2) A huge image of Varaha Avatar (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he rescues Goddess Earth from the deep and chaotic waters, sculpted on rock at Mount Abu.
    (3) Arjuna’s Penance/Descent of Ganga sculpted on the surface of huge boulders at Mamallapuram.
    How many of the statements given above is/are not correctly matched?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Varaha Temple at Khajuraho enshrines a colossal monolithic image of Varaha, the boar Incarnation of Lord Vishnu. So Statement 2 is wrong.
    Arjuna’s Penance/Descent of Ganga sculpted on the surface of huge boulders at Mamallapuram. Statement 3 is correct.
    A grand image of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below at Ajanta. Statement 1 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    The Varaha Temple at Khajuraho enshrines a colossal monolithic image of Varaha, the boar Incarnation of Lord Vishnu. So Statement 2 is wrong.
    Arjuna’s Penance/Descent of Ganga sculpted on the surface of huge boulders at Mamallapuram. Statement 3 is correct.
    A grand image of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below at Ajanta. Statement 1 is correct.
19. Question 19 of 100

    19. Question

    In context of rock-cut architecture, consider the following statements.
    (1) The Badami caves is the example of oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
    (2) The Barabar rock cut caves were originally made for Alivikas by Emperor Samudragupta.
    (3) At Ellora, caves were made for different faiths.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect-The Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India. The Badami cave temples are a complex of four Hindu cave temples located in Badami, a town in the Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India. The caves are considered an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture, which dates from the 6th century.
    Statement 2 is incorrect- The Barabar rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BC, Maurya period. of Ashoka (r. 273 BC to 232 BC.) and his son, Dasaratha. These caves were used by ascetics from the Ajivika sect, founded by Makkhali Gosala.
    Statement 3 is correct- Ellora is a World Heritage Site The 12 Buddhist (caves 1-12), 17 Hindu (caves 13-29) and 5 Jain (caves 30-34) caves, built in proximity, demonstrate the religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect-The Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India. The Badami cave temples are a complex of four Hindu cave temples located in Badami, a town in the Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India. The caves are considered an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture, which dates from the 6th century.
    Statement 2 is incorrect- The Barabar rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BC, Maurya period. of Ashoka (r. 273 BC to 232 BC.) and his son, Dasaratha. These caves were used by ascetics from the Ajivika sect, founded by Makkhali Gosala.
    Statement 3 is correct- Ellora is a World Heritage Site The 12 Buddhist (caves 1-12), 17 Hindu (caves 13-29) and 5 Jain (caves 30-34) caves, built in proximity, demonstrate the religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history.
20. Question 20 of 100

    20. Question

    Consider the following statements in reference to Ellora caves:
    (1) Ellora caves are one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple caves complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    (2) The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism and Hinduism only.
    (3) Ajanta also has excavated double-storeyed caves but at Ellora, the triple storey is a unique achievement.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Ellora is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple caves complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Maharashtra, India. The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism from the 600 to 1000 CE period.
    Statement 2 is incorrect : The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.
    Cave 16 of Ellora features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasha temple excavation also presents the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism and relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu Epics.
    The IndraSabha (Cave 32) is a two storeyed cave with a monolithic shrine in its court.The IndraSabha Jain temple is historically significant as it contains evidence of active worship inside by the Jain community, in the form of layered deposits and textual records.
    Most famous of the Buddhist caves is Cave 10, a worship hall called the ‘Vishvakarma cave’ (literally the cave of one who accomplishes everything, or the architect of the gods).
    Buddhist caves are big in size and are of single, double and triple storeys. Their pillars are massive. Ajanta also has excavated double-storeyed caves but at Ellora, the triple storey is a unique achievement. Hence, option 3 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : Ellora is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple caves complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Maharashtra, India. The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism from the 600 to 1000 CE period.
    Statement 2 is incorrect : The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.
    Cave 16 of Ellora features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasha temple excavation also presents the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism and relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu Epics.
    The IndraSabha (Cave 32) is a two storeyed cave with a monolithic shrine in its court.The IndraSabha Jain temple is historically significant as it contains evidence of active worship inside by the Jain community, in the form of layered deposits and textual records.
    Most famous of the Buddhist caves is Cave 10, a worship hall called the ‘Vishvakarma cave’ (literally the cave of one who accomplishes everything, or the architect of the gods).
    Buddhist caves are big in size and are of single, double and triple storeys. Their pillars are massive. Ajanta also has excavated double-storeyed caves but at Ellora, the triple storey is a unique achievement. Hence, option 3 is correct.
21. Question 21 of 100

    21. Question

    With reference to the cultural history India, the term ‘Panchayatan’ refers to
    (A) un assembly of village elders
    (B) a religious sect
    (C) a style of temple construction
    (D) an administrative functionary

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    An hindu temple is a Panchayatana one when the main shrine is surrounded by four bisubsidiary shrines. The origin of the name are the sanskrit words Pancha(five) et avatana (containing) Generally, the Hindu temple are built along a west-east axis So the four subsidiary shrines are at the north east, southeast, south-west, north-west.

    Unattempted
    

    An hindu temple is a Panchayatana one when the main shrine is surrounded by four bisubsidiary shrines. The origin of the name are the sanskrit words Pancha(five) et avatana (containing) Generally, the Hindu temple are built along a west-east axis So the four subsidiary shrines are at the north east, southeast, south-west, north-west.
22. Question 22 of 100

    22. Question

    The Nagar, the Dravida and the Vesara are the
    (A) Three main racial groups of the Indian subcontinent.
    (B) Three main linguistic divisions into which the languages of India can be classified.
    (C) Three main styles of Indian temple architecture.
    (D) Three main musical Gharanas prevalent in India.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Three main styles of Indian temple architecture :
    

    Unattempted
    

    Three main styles of Indian temple architecture :
    
23. Question 23 of 100

    23. Question

    The Lingaraja Temple is located at?
    (A) Bhubaneswar (Odisha)
    (B) Bijapur (Maharashtra)
    (C) Kolkata (West Bengal)
    (D) Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh)

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Lingaraja temple is said to have been built first by the ruler Yayati Kesari in the 7th century who shifted his capital from Jaipur to Bhubaneshwar. Bhubaneshwar remained the Kesari capital, till Nripati Kesari founded Cuttack in the 10th century.

    Unattempted
    

    The Lingaraja temple is said to have been built first by the ruler Yayati Kesari in the 7th century who shifted his capital from Jaipur to Bhubaneshwar. Bhubaneshwar remained the Kesari capital, till Nripati Kesari founded Cuttack in the 10th century.
24. Question 24 of 100

    24. Question

    Hoysala monuments are found in which of the following cities :
    (A) Hampi and Hospet
    (B) Halebid and Belur
    (C) Mysore and Bangalore
    (D) Sringeri and Dharwar

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Art historians recognize the exceptionally intricate sculptural artistry of the Chennakshava temple at Blur and the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halchid to be among the masterpieces of South Asian art making. The name of Hoysala synonymous with artistic achievement.

    Unattempted
    

    Art historians recognize the exceptionally intricate sculptural artistry of the Chennakshava temple at Blur and the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halchid to be among the masterpieces of South Asian art making. The name of Hoysala synonymous with artistic achievement.
25. Question 25 of 100

    25. Question

    Consider the following pairs :
    (1) Harappan Civilisation: Painted Black and Red Ware
    (2) The Kushans : Gandhara School of Art
    (3) The Mughals : Ajanta Paintings
    (4) The Marathas : Pahari School of Painting
    How many of the above pairs is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All three
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Kushan art produced during the Kushan dynasty from about the late 1st to the 3rd century CE in an area that now includes parts of Central Asia, Northern India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
    Pair 2 is correct : The Shakas and the Kushanas were patrons of Gandhara School. Gandhara school is known for the first sculptural representations of the Buddha in human form.
    Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India.
    One example of the Gandhara style of art is the Bamiyan Buddha statues.
    It mostly flourished in the areas of Afghanistan and present North-Western India.
    Pair 1 is incorrect : The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age Indian culture of the Western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley on the Indian subcontinent, conventionally dated c.1200 to 600-500 BCE.
    Pair 3 is incorrect : The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient monasteries and worship-halls of different Buddhist traditions carved into a 75-metre (246 ft) wall of rock.
    The caves also present paintings depicting the past lives and rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura’s Jatakamala, and rock-cut sculptures of Buddhist deities.
    Pair 4 is incorrect : Pahari painting is an umbrella word for a type of Indian painting that originated in the Himalayan hill kingdoms of North India and is mainly done in miniature size. In terms of design and colour, it is quite comparable to Rajput paintings.
    These paintings were largely done in miniature painting forms throughout the era of the 17th to 19th centuries when they were formed and developed.
    Pahari painting evolved from Mughal painting, albeit it was primarily patronised by Rajput rulers who dominated many sections of the region, and it gave rise to a new idiom in Indian painting.
    Based on their regional diversity, Pahari paintings in India can be divided into two groups.
    – Basohli and Kullu Style – Chaurapanchasika style
    – Guler and Kangra Style – Calm colours and modification

    Unattempted
    

    Kushan art produced during the Kushan dynasty from about the late 1st to the 3rd century CE in an area that now includes parts of Central Asia, Northern India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
    Pair 2 is correct : The Shakas and the Kushanas were patrons of Gandhara School. Gandhara school is known for the first sculptural representations of the Buddha in human form.
    Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India.
    One example of the Gandhara style of art is the Bamiyan Buddha statues.
    It mostly flourished in the areas of Afghanistan and present North-Western India.
    Pair 1 is incorrect : The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age Indian culture of the Western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley on the Indian subcontinent, conventionally dated c.1200 to 600-500 BCE.
    Pair 3 is incorrect : The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient monasteries and worship-halls of different Buddhist traditions carved into a 75-metre (246 ft) wall of rock.
    The caves also present paintings depicting the past lives and rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura’s Jatakamala, and rock-cut sculptures of Buddhist deities.
    Pair 4 is incorrect : Pahari painting is an umbrella word for a type of Indian painting that originated in the Himalayan hill kingdoms of North India and is mainly done in miniature size. In terms of design and colour, it is quite comparable to Rajput paintings.
    These paintings were largely done in miniature painting forms throughout the era of the 17th to 19th centuries when they were formed and developed.
    Pahari painting evolved from Mughal painting, albeit it was primarily patronised by Rajput rulers who dominated many sections of the region, and it gave rise to a new idiom in Indian painting.
    Based on their regional diversity, Pahari paintings in India can be divided into two groups.
    – Basohli and Kullu Style – Chaurapanchasika style
    – Guler and Kangra Style – Calm colours and modification
26. Question 26 of 100

    26. Question

    How many of the following is/are not Indo-Aryan language?
    (1) Gujarati
    (2) Tamil
    (3) Oriya
    (4) Marathi
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All four
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Tamil; a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of South India and North-east Sri Lanka.
    Modern Indo Aryan Group :The languages belonging to this group are Hindi, assamese, bengali, Guarati, Marathi, Punjabi, Odia, Urdu etc. The language developed under this group are mainly spoken in the northern, western and eastern parts of India.

    Unattempted
    

    Tamil; a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of South India and North-east Sri Lanka.
    Modern Indo Aryan Group :The languages belonging to this group are Hindi, assamese, bengali, Guarati, Marathi, Punjabi, Odia, Urdu etc. The language developed under this group are mainly spoken in the northern, western and eastern parts of India.
27. Question 27 of 100

    27. Question

    Mahabalipuram temples were built by
    (A) Pallavas
    (B) Cheras
    (C) Cholas
    (D) Pandyas

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Mamallapuram temples are built by great Pallava ruler Narsimhavarman-I (AD 630: 68).
    Mamallapuram, also called Mahabalipuram or Seven Pagodas, is a town that lies along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, 60 km south of Chennai. It contains many surviving 7th- and 8th-century Pallava temples and monuments, chief of which are the sculptured rock relief popularly known as “Arjuna’s Penance,” or “Descent of the Ganges,” a series of sculptured cave temples, and a Shiva temple on the seashore.

    Unattempted
    

    Mamallapuram temples are built by great Pallava ruler Narsimhavarman-I (AD 630: 68).
    Mamallapuram, also called Mahabalipuram or Seven Pagodas, is a town that lies along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, 60 km south of Chennai. It contains many surviving 7th- and 8th-century Pallava temples and monuments, chief of which are the sculptured rock relief popularly known as “Arjuna’s Penance,” or “Descent of the Ganges,” a series of sculptured cave temples, and a Shiva temple on the seashore.
28. Question 28 of 100

    28. Question

    Write the following in chronological order
    (1) Puri – Jagannath temple
    (2) Meenakshi temple
    (3) Mahahalipuram temples
    (4) Qutab Minar
    Select the correct answer from the codes given below
    (A) 1.2.4.3
    (B) 1.4.2.3
    (C) 1.4.3.2
    (D) 3.1.2.4

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Jagannath Temple of Puri Initiated by the ruler of Kalinga Anant Chodaganga The lay mohan and the Vimana portions of the temple were built during his reign (1078 – 1148 AD).
    • Meenakshi Temple: Is located in Madurai in Tamil Nadu dedicated to Sundareswar (form of Lord Shiva) and Meenakshi form of Goddess Parvati).
    The main sanctum sanctorum 19 helleved to be more than 1500 Year old.
    Mahabalipuram temples Mamallapuram, the city of Mamalla is after the title of great Pallava ruler Narsimhavarman (630-68 AD).
    Qutub Minar in red and huff standstone is the highest tower in IndIa. Qutub ud din Aibak laid the foundation of Minar in AD 1199.

    Unattempted
    

    The Jagannath Temple of Puri Initiated by the ruler of Kalinga Anant Chodaganga The lay mohan and the Vimana portions of the temple were built during his reign (1078 – 1148 AD).
    • Meenakshi Temple: Is located in Madurai in Tamil Nadu dedicated to Sundareswar (form of Lord Shiva) and Meenakshi form of Goddess Parvati).
    The main sanctum sanctorum 19 helleved to be more than 1500 Year old.
    Mahabalipuram temples Mamallapuram, the city of Mamalla is after the title of great Pallava ruler Narsimhavarman (630-68 AD).
    Qutub Minar in red and huff standstone is the highest tower in IndIa. Qutub ud din Aibak laid the foundation of Minar in AD 1199.
29. Question 29 of 100

    29. Question

    With reference to Indian history, consider the following pairs:
    Historical person : Known as :
    (1) Aryadeva : Jaina scholar
    (2) Dignaga : Buddhist scholar
    (3) Nathamuni : Vaishnava scholar
    How many pairs given above is/are not correctly matched ?
    (A) None of the pairs
    (B) Only one pair
    (C) Only two pairs
    (D) All three pairs

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is incorrect: Āryadeva (3rd century), a disciple of Nāgārjuna, is a central figure in the development of early Indian Madhyamaka philosophy. The Madhyamaka school of Buddhism, the followers of which are called Mādhyamikas, was one of the two principal schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
    Pair 2 is correct: Dignāga, (born c. 480 CE—died c. 540), was a Buddhist logician and author of the Pramāṇasamuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True Knowledge”), a work that laid the foundations of Buddhist logic.
    Pair 3 is correct: Nathamuni founded aSanskrit-Tamil school at Srirangam (Tamil Nadu state), which continues to be a great Vaishnavite centre in South India.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is incorrect: Āryadeva (3rd century), a disciple of Nāgārjuna, is a central figure in the development of early Indian Madhyamaka philosophy. The Madhyamaka school of Buddhism, the followers of which are called Mādhyamikas, was one of the two principal schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
    Pair 2 is correct: Dignāga, (born c. 480 CE—died c. 540), was a Buddhist logician and author of the Pramāṇasamuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True Knowledge”), a work that laid the foundations of Buddhist logic.
    Pair 3 is correct: Nathamuni founded aSanskrit-Tamil school at Srirangam (Tamil Nadu state), which continues to be a great Vaishnavite centre in South India.
30. Question 30 of 100

    30. Question

    Which of the following phrases defines the nature of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the sources of the post-Harsha period?
    (A) An advisory issued by the king to his subordinates.
    (B) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts.
    (C) A bill of exchange
    (D) An order from the feudal lord to his subordinates

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Hundi is a financial instrument that developed in Medieval India for use in trade and credit transactions.
    They were used
    • As remittance instruments (to transfer funds from one placeto another)
    • As credit instruments (to borrow money)
    o trade transactions (as bills of exchange).
    The period assigned to Harsha or Harsha Vardhana reign is 606AD until 648 AD.
    Chinese Pilgrim Huen Tang visited Harsha.
    Harshacharita was authored by Banabhatta.

    Unattempted
    

    Hundi is a financial instrument that developed in Medieval India for use in trade and credit transactions.
    They were used
    • As remittance instruments (to transfer funds from one placeto another)
    • As credit instruments (to borrow money)
    o trade transactions (as bills of exchange).
    The period assigned to Harsha or Harsha Vardhana reign is 606AD until 648 AD.
    Chinese Pilgrim Huen Tang visited Harsha.
    Harshacharita was authored by Banabhatta.
31. Question 31 of 100

    31. Question

    Which one of the following is not a Harappan site?
    (A) Chanhudaro
    (B) Kot Diji
    (C) Sohgaura
    (D) Desalpur

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    There are seven important cities in the Indus valley civilization:
    (1) Mohanjodaro
    (2) Harappa
    (3) Kalibangan
    (4) Lothal
    (5) Chanhudaru
    (6) Dholavira
    (7) Banawali
    Surkotada, Lothal, and Dholavira are the important port towns in the Indus valley. Harappa, Mohanjodaro, Banawali and Dholavira are considered as the four main Harappan Sites. Till 1999, over 1,056 urban areas and settlements had been found. 96 sites have been excavated, mostly in the region of the Indus and Ghaggar Hakra Rivers and their tributaries. Among the settlements were the most important urban centres of Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Ganeriwala, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.

    Unattempted
    

    There are seven important cities in the Indus valley civilization:
    (1) Mohanjodaro
    (2) Harappa
    (3) Kalibangan
    (4) Lothal
    (5) Chanhudaru
    (6) Dholavira
    (7) Banawali
    Surkotada, Lothal, and Dholavira are the important port towns in the Indus valley. Harappa, Mohanjodaro, Banawali and Dholavira are considered as the four main Harappan Sites. Till 1999, over 1,056 urban areas and settlements had been found. 96 sites have been excavated, mostly in the region of the Indus and Ghaggar Hakra Rivers and their tributaries. Among the settlements were the most important urban centres of Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Ganeriwala, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.
32. Question 32 of 100

    32. Question

    Which of the following kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha?
    (1) Avanti
    (2) Gandhara
    (3) Kosala
    (4) Magadha
    How many of the above options is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All four
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Buddha traveled through the towns and villages in the kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha teaching his philosophy.
    Other regions where he wandered were Vaishali, Vajji, etc.
    Jetavana (Jeta garden) was perhaps the best known amongst the beautiful gardens provided to Buddha’s entourage and it was close to Sravasti, capital of the Kosala kingdom.
    Perhaps the second-most important monastic resort of Buddha was the “bamboo grove” in Rajgriha, capital of Magadha, provided by king Bimbisara.
    Gandhara is not directly associated with the life of Buddha.
    During the rule of Ashoka Gandhara was influenced by Buddhist culture.
    Avanti was not related to the life of Buddha.
    Buddha belonged to the Shakya clan whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha’s lifetime.

    Unattempted
    

    Buddha traveled through the towns and villages in the kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha teaching his philosophy.
    Other regions where he wandered were Vaishali, Vajji, etc.
    Jetavana (Jeta garden) was perhaps the best known amongst the beautiful gardens provided to Buddha’s entourage and it was close to Sravasti, capital of the Kosala kingdom.
    Perhaps the second-most important monastic resort of Buddha was the “bamboo grove” in Rajgriha, capital of Magadha, provided by king Bimbisara.
    Gandhara is not directly associated with the life of Buddha.
    During the rule of Ashoka Gandhara was influenced by Buddhist culture.
    Avanti was not related to the life of Buddha.
    Buddha belonged to the Shakya clan whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha’s lifetime.
33. Question 33 of 100

    33. Question

    With reference to Indian history, who among the following is a future Buddha, yet to come to save the world?
    (A) Avalokiteshvara
    (B) Lokesvara
    (C) Maitreya
    (D) Padmapani

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    It is believed that Maitreya is still not Buddha and resides in the Tusita Heaven, which is one of the realms of Buddhist cosmology.
    A popular representation of the Maitreya Boddhisattva is the Laughing Buddha. It is said to be an incarnation of Maitreya.
    It is believed to appear on the Earth in the future as many scriptures showcase it as the successor of Gautam Buddha, the present Budha.

    Unattempted
    

    It is believed that Maitreya is still not Buddha and resides in the Tusita Heaven, which is one of the realms of Buddhist cosmology.
    A popular representation of the Maitreya Boddhisattva is the Laughing Buddha. It is said to be an incarnation of Maitreya.
    It is believed to appear on the Earth in the future as many scriptures showcase it as the successor of Gautam Buddha, the present Budha.
34. Question 34 of 100

    34. Question

    Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
    (A) Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to material culture.
    (B) The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
    (C) Sangam poems have no reference to warrior ethic.
    (D) Sangam literature refers to magical forces as irrational.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
    The Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .
    Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work. Though it is a work on Tamil grammar but it also provides insights on the political and socio-economic conditions of the time.
    Ettutogai (Eight Anthologies) consist of eight works – Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppatu.
    The Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls) consists of ten works – Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Maduraikkanji, Kurinjippatttu,Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.
    Pathinenkilkanakku contains eighteen works about ethics and morals. The most important among these works is Tirukkural authored by Thiruvalluvar, the tamil great poet and philosopher.
    The two epics Silappathikaram is written by Elango Adigal and Manimegalai by Sittalai Sattanar. They also provide valuable details about the Sangam society and polity.

    Unattempted
    

    The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
    The Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .
    Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar and is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work. Though it is a work on Tamil grammar but it also provides insights on the political and socio-economic conditions of the time.
    Ettutogai (Eight Anthologies) consist of eight works – Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppatu.
    The Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls) consists of ten works – Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Maduraikkanji, Kurinjippatttu,Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.
    Pathinenkilkanakku contains eighteen works about ethics and morals. The most important among these works is Tirukkural authored by Thiruvalluvar, the tamil great poet and philosopher.
    The two epics Silappathikaram is written by Elango Adigal and Manimegalai by Sittalai Sattanar. They also provide valuable details about the Sangam society and polity.
35. Question 35 of 100

    35. Question

    With reference to Chausath Yogini Temple situated near Morena, consider the following statements:
    (1) It is a circular temple built during the reign of Kachchhapaghata Dynasty.
    (2) It is the only circular temple built in India.
    (3) It was meant to promote the Vaishnava cult in the region.
    (4) Its design has given rise to a popular belief that it was the inspiration behind the Indian Parliament building.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only two
    (B) Only three
    (C) Only one
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is correct : According to an inscription dated to 1323 CE (Vikram Samvat 1383), the temple was built by the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala (1055 – 1075). It is said that the temple was the venue of providing education in astrology and mathematics based on the transit of the Sun.
    Statement 2 is incorrect : This circular temple is one among the very few such temples in India. It is not the only circular temple built in India.
    Statement 3 is incorrect : It is, also known as Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple because of the presence of multitude of shivalingas inside itscells. So it promote Shaivite cult in the region not vaishnavite culture.
    Statement 4 is correct : Many of these curious visitors have compared this temple with the Indian parliament building (Sansad Bhawan) as both are circular in style. So, many have drawn conclusions that this temple was the inspiration behind the Parliament building.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is correct : According to an inscription dated to 1323 CE (Vikram Samvat 1383), the temple was built by the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala (1055 – 1075). It is said that the temple was the venue of providing education in astrology and mathematics based on the transit of the Sun.
    Statement 2 is incorrect : This circular temple is one among the very few such temples in India. It is not the only circular temple built in India.
    Statement 3 is incorrect : It is, also known as Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple because of the presence of multitude of shivalingas inside itscells. So it promote Shaivite cult in the region not vaishnavite culture.
    Statement 4 is correct : Many of these curious visitors have compared this temple with the Indian parliament building (Sansad Bhawan) as both are circular in style. So, many have drawn conclusions that this temple was the inspiration behind the Parliament building.
36. Question 36 of 100

    36. Question

    Consider the following pairs:
    Historical place – Well-known for
    (1) Burzahom – Rock-cut shrines
    (2) Chandraketugarh – Terracotta art
    (3) Ganeshwar – Copper artefacts
    How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
    (A) only one pair is correct :
    (B) only two pairs are correct
    (C) All of the pairs are correct
    (D) None of the pairs are correct

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. as Burzahom site (Jammu and Kashmir) is a Neolithic site. Rock cut shrines were not found in Neolithic period.
    Pair 2 is correctly matched Chandraketugah is a site in West Bengal near Kolkata. According to historians, the place dates back to the 3rd century, which is preMauryan era. The place has always generate curiosity among the archaeologists and various excavations have taken place here and a number of terracotta artworks has been unearthed.
    Pair 3 is correctly matched. Ganeshwar is a famous site in Khetri belt in Rajasthan. Ganeshwar complex sites have yielded more than 5000 copper objects, with some typical Harappan types like thin blades, arrow-heads etc.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. as Burzahom site (Jammu and Kashmir) is a Neolithic site. Rock cut shrines were not found in Neolithic period.
    Pair 2 is correctly matched Chandraketugah is a site in West Bengal near Kolkata. According to historians, the place dates back to the 3rd century, which is preMauryan era. The place has always generate curiosity among the archaeologists and various excavations have taken place here and a number of terracotta artworks has been unearthed.
    Pair 3 is correctly matched. Ganeshwar is a famous site in Khetri belt in Rajasthan. Ganeshwar complex sites have yielded more than 5000 copper objects, with some typical Harappan types like thin blades, arrow-heads etc.
37. Question 37 of 100

    37. Question

    The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at
    (A) Ajanta
    (B) Badami
    (C) Bagh
    (D) Ellora

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Some important paintings at Ajanta are:
    Scenes from the Jataka stories of the life of the Gautama Buddha, the Buddha’s former lives as a bodhisattva, etc.
    Paintings of various Bodhisattvas in tribhanga pose in Cave 1:
    Vajrapani (protector and guide, a symbol of Buddha’s power),
    Manjusri (manifestation of Buddha’s wisdom) and
    • Padmapani (Avalokitesvara) (symbol of Buddha’s compassion).
    The Dying Princess in Cave number 16.

    Unattempted
    

    Some important paintings at Ajanta are:
    Scenes from the Jataka stories of the life of the Gautama Buddha, the Buddha’s former lives as a bodhisattva, etc.
    Paintings of various Bodhisattvas in tribhanga pose in Cave 1:
    Vajrapani (protector and guide, a symbol of Buddha’s power),
    Manjusri (manifestation of Buddha’s wisdom) and
    • Padmapani (Avalokitesvara) (symbol of Buddha’s compassion).
    The Dying Princess in Cave number 16.
38. Question 38 of 100

    38. Question

    In the context of cultural history of India, a pose in dance and dramatics called ‘Tribhanga’ has been a favourite of Indian artists from ancient times till today. Which one of the following statements best describes this pose?
    (A) Facial expressions, hand gestures and make-up are combined to symbolize certain epic or historic characters.
    (B) One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck.
    (C) Movements of body, face and hands are used to express oneself or to tell a story.
    (D) A little smile, slightly curved waist and certain hand gestures are emphasized to express the feelings of love or eroticism

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck.
    The techniques of movement are built around the two basicpostures of the Chowk and the Tribhanga.
    The chowk is a position imitating a square – a very masculine stance with the weight of the body equally balanced. The tribhanga is a very feminine stance where the body is deflected at the neck, torso and knees. Tribhanga consists of three bends in the body; at the neck, waist and knee, hence the body is oppositely curved at waist and neck which gives it a gentle “S” shape and is considered the most graceful and sensual of the Odissi positions.

    Unattempted
    

    One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck.
    The techniques of movement are built around the two basicpostures of the Chowk and the Tribhanga.
    The chowk is a position imitating a square – a very masculine stance with the weight of the body equally balanced. The tribhanga is a very feminine stance where the body is deflected at the neck, torso and knees. Tribhanga consists of three bends in the body; at the neck, waist and knee, hence the body is oppositely curved at waist and neck which gives it a gentle “S” shape and is considered the most graceful and sensual of the Odissi positions.
39. Question 39 of 100

    39. Question

    Which of the following rulers had poet Harisena, in his court?
    (A) Chandragupta I
    (B) Samudragupta
    (C) Chandragupta II
    (D) Ashoka

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, a famous ruler of the Gupta dynasty.
    Court poets under Gupta and Mauryan empire:
    Kalidasa
    He was a Classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period.
    The six major works of Kalidasa are
    Abhijnanashakuntala
    Vikramorvashi
    Malavikagnimitra
    The epic poems
    Raghuvamsha
    Kumarasambhava
    Meghaduta
    Vishakhadatta
    The famous plays of Vishakhadatta are Mudrarakṣhasa.
    Mudrarakshasha means “Ring of the Demon” and it recites the ascent of Chandragupta Maurya to throne.
    Shudraka
    He is a king as well as poet.
    The famous three Sanskrit plays contributed by him areMrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart).
    Vinavasavadatta
    A bhana (short one-act monologue)
    Padmaprabhritaka

    Harisena
    Harisena was a panegyrist, Sanskrit poet, and government minister.
    He wrote poems praising the bravery of Samudra Gupta, which is engraved on Allahabad pillar.
    Bhasa
    He wrote 13 plays which echo the lifestyle of the Gupta Era along with its prevalent beliefs and culture.

    Unattempted
    

    Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, a famous ruler of the Gupta dynasty.
    Court poets under Gupta and Mauryan empire:
    Kalidasa
    He was a Classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period.
    The six major works of Kalidasa are
    Abhijnanashakuntala
    Vikramorvashi
    Malavikagnimitra
    The epic poems
    Raghuvamsha
    Kumarasambhava
    Meghaduta
    Vishakhadatta
    The famous plays of Vishakhadatta are Mudrarakṣhasa.
    Mudrarakshasha means “Ring of the Demon” and it recites the ascent of Chandragupta Maurya to throne.
    Shudraka
    He is a king as well as poet.
    The famous three Sanskrit plays contributed by him areMrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart).
    Vinavasavadatta
    A bhana (short one-act monologue)
    Padmaprabhritaka

    Harisena
    Harisena was a panegyrist, Sanskrit poet, and government minister.
    He wrote poems praising the bravery of Samudra Gupta, which is engraved on Allahabad pillar.
    Bhasa
    He wrote 13 plays which echo the lifestyle of the Gupta Era along with its prevalent beliefs and culture.
40. Question 40 of 100

    40. Question

    How many following pair/s is/are not correct ?
    CITY – RIVERS
    (1) Mohenjodaro – Ravi
    (2) Ropar – Sutlaj
    (3) Lothal – Bhogava
    (4) Dholavira. – Luni
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) All

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Pair 1 is not correct : Moenjodaro, group of mounds and ruins on the right bank of the Indus River, northern Sindh province, southern Pakistan.
    Pair 2 is correct : Ropar, also spelled Rupar, also called Rupnagar, town, eastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The town lies on the Sutlej River near the head of the great Sirhind Canal, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Chandigarh.
    Pair 3 is correct : The archaeological remains of the Harappan port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
    Pair 4 is correct : Dholavira is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India. It is situated at the bank of river Luni.

    Unattempted
    

    Pair 1 is not correct : Moenjodaro, group of mounds and ruins on the right bank of the Indus River, northern Sindh province, southern Pakistan.
    Pair 2 is correct : Ropar, also spelled Rupar, also called Rupnagar, town, eastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The town lies on the Sutlej River near the head of the great Sirhind Canal, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Chandigarh.
    Pair 3 is correct : The archaeological remains of the Harappan port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
    Pair 4 is correct : Dholavira is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India. It is situated at the bank of river Luni.
41. Question 41 of 100

    41. Question

    The inscription on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad provide information about which of the following rulers?
    (A) Chandragupta Maurya
    (B) Chandragupta I
    (C) Chandragupta II
    (D) Samudragupta

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    We know about Samudragupta from a long inscription, actually a poem in Sanskrit, composed by his court poet, Harisena nearly 1700 years ago. This was inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad.
    This inscription is of a special kind known as a prashasti, a Sanskrit word, meaning ‘in praise of’.

    Unattempted
    

    We know about Samudragupta from a long inscription, actually a poem in Sanskrit, composed by his court poet, Harisena nearly 1700 years ago. This was inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad.
    This inscription is of a special kind known as a prashasti, a Sanskrit word, meaning ‘in praise of’.
42. Question 42 of 100

    42. Question

    Who among the following is known as Shakas conqueror?
    (A) Sri Gupta
    (B) Chandragupta II
    (C) Ashoka
    (D) Kumaragupta

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Chandragupta II led an expedition to western India, where he overcame Rudra Singh III, the last ruler of Shakas, and came to be known as Shakas conqueror.
    About Shaka rulers:-
    The beginning of the Saka Era can be related to the ascent of the king Chashtana.
    Scythians (referred to as Sakas in Indian sources) were a group of Iranian nomadic pastoral tribes.
    In the second century BC, central Asian nomadic tribes and tribes from the Chinese region invaded the region of present-day Kazakhstan whose inhabitants were Scythians.
    This promoted the Scythians to move towards Bactria and Parthia. After defeating the Parthian king, they moved towards India. Scythians who migrated to India are known as Indo-Scythians.
    The Sakas had an Indian kingdom larger than the Indo-Greeks.

    Unattempted
    

    Chandragupta II led an expedition to western India, where he overcame Rudra Singh III, the last ruler of Shakas, and came to be known as Shakas conqueror.
    About Shaka rulers:-
    The beginning of the Saka Era can be related to the ascent of the king Chashtana.
    Scythians (referred to as Sakas in Indian sources) were a group of Iranian nomadic pastoral tribes.
    In the second century BC, central Asian nomadic tribes and tribes from the Chinese region invaded the region of present-day Kazakhstan whose inhabitants were Scythians.
    This promoted the Scythians to move towards Bactria and Parthia. After defeating the Parthian king, they moved towards India. Scythians who migrated to India are known as Indo-Scythians.
    The Sakas had an Indian kingdom larger than the Indo-Greeks.
43. Question 43 of 100

    43. Question

    Which of the following was unknown to Indus Valley Civilisation?
    (A) Bronze
    (B) Barley
    (C) Iron
    (D) Cotton

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Neolithic period is followed by Chalcolithic (copper-stone) period when copper and bronze came to be used. The new technology of smelting metal ore and crafting metal artifacts is an important development in human civilization. Generally, Chalcolithic cultures had grown in river valleys. Most importantly, the Harappan culture is considered as a part of Chalcolithic culture.
    There was a great progress in all spheres of economic activity such as agriculture, industry and crafts and trade. Wheat and barley were the main crops grown besides sesame, mustard and cotton. Surplus grain is stored in granaries. Animals like sheep, goats and buffalo were domesticated.
    Bronze and copper vessels are the outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft. Gold and silver ornaments are found in many places.But iron was not known to them.
    In forein trade main exports were several agricultural products such as wheat, barely, peas, oil seeds and a variety of finished products including cotton goods, pottery, beads, terracotta figures and ivory products.
    Known: Cotton, Barley, Wheat, Ragi, Peas, Rice etc.
    Metalas known: Gold ,silver, lead ,bronze ,copper ,steatite etc.Unknown: sugar cane, Maize, Iron, Horse.

    Unattempted
    

    The Neolithic period is followed by Chalcolithic (copper-stone) period when copper and bronze came to be used. The new technology of smelting metal ore and crafting metal artifacts is an important development in human civilization. Generally, Chalcolithic cultures had grown in river valleys. Most importantly, the Harappan culture is considered as a part of Chalcolithic culture.
    There was a great progress in all spheres of economic activity such as agriculture, industry and crafts and trade. Wheat and barley were the main crops grown besides sesame, mustard and cotton. Surplus grain is stored in granaries. Animals like sheep, goats and buffalo were domesticated.
    Bronze and copper vessels are the outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft. Gold and silver ornaments are found in many places.But iron was not known to them.
    In forein trade main exports were several agricultural products such as wheat, barely, peas, oil seeds and a variety of finished products including cotton goods, pottery, beads, terracotta figures and ivory products.
    Known: Cotton, Barley, Wheat, Ragi, Peas, Rice etc.
    Metalas known: Gold ,silver, lead ,bronze ,copper ,steatite etc.Unknown: sugar cane, Maize, Iron, Horse.
44. Question 44 of 100

    44. Question

    Which of the following rulers was Banabhatta the court poet of ?
    (A) Kumaragupta
    (B) Skandagupta
    (C) Vishnugupta
    (D) Harshavardhana

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Harshavardhana, who ruled nearly 1400 years ago, was one such ruler. His court poet, Banabhatta, wrote his biography, the Harshacharita, in Sanskrit. This gives us the genealogy of Harsha, and ends with him becoming king.
    Facts about Harshavardhana:
    Harshavardhana was born in 590 AD to King Prabhakaravardhana of Sthaneshvara (Thanesar, Haryana).
    He belonged to the Pushyabhuti also called the Vardhana dynasty.
    He was a Hindu who later embraced Mahayana Buddhism.
    He was married to Durgavati.
    He had a daughter and two sons. His daughter married a king of Vallabhi whereas his sons were killed by his own minister.
    King Harshavardhana deeds were praised by Chinese Buddhist traveller Xuanzang in his writings.

    Unattempted
    

    Harshavardhana, who ruled nearly 1400 years ago, was one such ruler. His court poet, Banabhatta, wrote his biography, the Harshacharita, in Sanskrit. This gives us the genealogy of Harsha, and ends with him becoming king.
    Facts about Harshavardhana:
    Harshavardhana was born in 590 AD to King Prabhakaravardhana of Sthaneshvara (Thanesar, Haryana).
    He belonged to the Pushyabhuti also called the Vardhana dynasty.
    He was a Hindu who later embraced Mahayana Buddhism.
    He was married to Durgavati.
    He had a daughter and two sons. His daughter married a king of Vallabhi whereas his sons were killed by his own minister.
    King Harshavardhana deeds were praised by Chinese Buddhist traveller Xuanzang in his writings.
45. Question 45 of 100

    45. Question

    Consider the following assertion with the given reason with reference to history of ancient India :
    Assertion: Some kings tried to control large portions of the route.
    Reason: The traders travelling along the silk route brought taxes, tributes and gifts for the kings of that area.
    Use the code given below to select the correct answer—
    (A) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
    (B) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
    (C) Assertion is correct but the reason is not correct.
    (D) Assertion is not correct but the reason is correct.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
    Some kings tried to control large portions of the route. This was because they could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts that were brought by traders travelling along the route.
    In return, they often protected the traders who passed through their kingdoms from attacks by robbers.

    Unattempted
    

    Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
    Some kings tried to control large portions of the route. This was because they could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts that were brought by traders travelling along the route.
    In return, they often protected the traders who passed through their kingdoms from attacks by robbers.
46. Question 46 of 100

    46. Question

    Consider the following statement about Indus Valley Civilization:
    1) Stone buildings were most popular form of construction.
    2) Ancient text refered Indus region as mehula.
    3) Most seals have inscriptions in a pictographic scipt that is yet to be deciphered.
    4) Faience were an artificially produced material and were used to make beads, bangles, earrings, and tiny vessels.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All four
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : Stone buildings were not the most popular form of construction. In 1931, Sir John Marshall estimated the duration of the occupation of Mohenjodaro between 3250 and 2750 B.C. The Harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning on the lines of the grid system – that is streets and lanes cutting across one another almost at right angles thus dividing the city into several rectangular blocks. The large-scale use of burnt bricks in almost all kinds of constructions and the absence of stone buildings are the important characteristics of the Harappan culture.
    Statement 2 is correct : Meluha is the Sumerian name which has been found in the Mesopotamia Records from 2350 BC onwards. Many scholars associate the name with Indus Valley Civilization. It is believed that people from the Indus Valley Civilization exported sesame oil to the Mesopotamia Civilization.
    Statement 4 is correct : Much evidence is available to understand the social life of the Harappans. The dress of both men and women consisted of two pieces of cloth, one upper garment and the other lower garment. Beads were worn by men and women. Jewelleries such as bangles, bracelets, fillets, girdles, anklets, ear-rings and finger rings were worn by women. These ornaments were made of gold, silver, copper, bronze and semi precious stones. Faience were artificially produced material made by melting quartz rock and then regrinding the glassy frit to make a paste that is then fired once again. These were used in making beads, bangles, earrings, and tiny vessels. Use of faience was also common in Egyption civilization.
    The Harappan script has still to be fully deciphered. The number of signs is between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. The script was mostly written from right to left. The mystery of the Harappan script still exists and there is no doubt that the decipherment of Harappan script will throw much light on this culture.
    Most seals have inscriptions in a pictographic script that is yet to be deciphered. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : Stone buildings were not the most popular form of construction. In 1931, Sir John Marshall estimated the duration of the occupation of Mohenjodaro between 3250 and 2750 B.C. The Harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning on the lines of the grid system – that is streets and lanes cutting across one another almost at right angles thus dividing the city into several rectangular blocks. The large-scale use of burnt bricks in almost all kinds of constructions and the absence of stone buildings are the important characteristics of the Harappan culture.
    Statement 2 is correct : Meluha is the Sumerian name which has been found in the Mesopotamia Records from 2350 BC onwards. Many scholars associate the name with Indus Valley Civilization. It is believed that people from the Indus Valley Civilization exported sesame oil to the Mesopotamia Civilization.
    Statement 4 is correct : Much evidence is available to understand the social life of the Harappans. The dress of both men and women consisted of two pieces of cloth, one upper garment and the other lower garment. Beads were worn by men and women. Jewelleries such as bangles, bracelets, fillets, girdles, anklets, ear-rings and finger rings were worn by women. These ornaments were made of gold, silver, copper, bronze and semi precious stones. Faience were artificially produced material made by melting quartz rock and then regrinding the glassy frit to make a paste that is then fired once again. These were used in making beads, bangles, earrings, and tiny vessels. Use of faience was also common in Egyption civilization.
    The Harappan script has still to be fully deciphered. The number of signs is between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. The script was mostly written from right to left. The mystery of the Harappan script still exists and there is no doubt that the decipherment of Harappan script will throw much light on this culture.
    Most seals have inscriptions in a pictographic script that is yet to be deciphered. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
47. Question 47 of 100

    47. Question

    The world’s oldest bronze sculpture, dancing girl is found in the city of:
    (A) Kalibangan
    (B) Mohenjodaro
    (C) Harappa
    (D) Lothal

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    This mesmerizing sculpture, famously known as ‘The Dancing Girl’ is one of the highest achievements of the artists of Mohenjodaro. The ‘Dancing Girl’ is a sculpture made of bronze. It belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization and dates back to circa 2500 BCE. It is 10.5 cm in height, 5 cm in width and 2.5 cm in depth.
    Presently, it is on display in the Indus Valley Civilization gallery in the National Museum, New Delhi.

    Unattempted
    

    This mesmerizing sculpture, famously known as ‘The Dancing Girl’ is one of the highest achievements of the artists of Mohenjodaro. The ‘Dancing Girl’ is a sculpture made of bronze. It belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization and dates back to circa 2500 BCE. It is 10.5 cm in height, 5 cm in width and 2.5 cm in depth.
    Presently, it is on display in the Indus Valley Civilization gallery in the National Museum, New Delhi.
48. Question 48 of 100

    48. Question

    Consider the following:
    (1) Rig Veda
    (2) Samaveda
    (3) Yajurveda
    (4) Atharva veda
    How many of the above is/are a later vedic book?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda, are often called later Vedic, because they were composed after the Rigveda. Some other books were composed by priests, and described how rituals were to be performed. They also contained rules about society. Later Vedic period was the period in which three Vedas (Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda) along with their respective brahmanas, Upanishads and Aranyakas were composed.

    Unattempted
    

    Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda, are often called later Vedic, because they were composed after the Rigveda. Some other books were composed by priests, and described how rituals were to be performed. They also contained rules about society. Later Vedic period was the period in which three Vedas (Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda) along with their respective brahmanas, Upanishads and Aranyakas were composed.
49. Question 49 of 100

    49. Question

    The iron pillar at Mehrauli, is located in which UT/state?
    (A) Maharashtra
    (B) Bihar
    (C) Delhi
    (D) Madhya Pradesh

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of Indian crafts persons. It is made of iron, 7.2 m high, and weighs over 3 tonnes. It was made about 1500 years ago. There is an inscription on the pillar mentioning a ruler named Chandra, who probably belonged to the Gupta dynasty. The amazingfact about the pillar is that, it has not rusted in all these years. The Mehrauli inscription praises the Gupta emperor Chandragupta Vikramaditya’s achievements.
    The iron pillar of Chandragupta dates from the late fourth to early fifth century A.D. It is situated in the Qutb Mosque’s courtyard. It is thought to have had the emblem of the mythical bird Garuda, the Guptas’ symbol, at the top, but it is now missing.

    Unattempted
    

    The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of Indian crafts persons. It is made of iron, 7.2 m high, and weighs over 3 tonnes. It was made about 1500 years ago. There is an inscription on the pillar mentioning a ruler named Chandra, who probably belonged to the Gupta dynasty. The amazingfact about the pillar is that, it has not rusted in all these years. The Mehrauli inscription praises the Gupta emperor Chandragupta Vikramaditya’s achievements.
    The iron pillar of Chandragupta dates from the late fourth to early fifth century A.D. It is situated in the Qutb Mosque’s courtyard. It is thought to have had the emblem of the mythical bird Garuda, the Guptas’ symbol, at the top, but it is now missing.
50. Question 50 of 100

    50. Question

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below—
    LIST-I (Epics). LIST-II (Poets)
    (A) Silappadikaram. 1. Valmiki
    (B) Manimekalai. 2. Sattanar
    (C) Meghaduta. 3. Kalidasa
    (D) Ramayana. 4. Ilang
    (A) A B C D – 2431
    (B) A B C D – 4312
    (C) A B C D – 4231
    (D) A B C D – 2134

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women, and include stories about gods.
    A famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting his wife Kannagi.
    Another Tamil epic, the Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago.This describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.
    Meghaduta is one of Kalidasa’s best-known poems; in which a monsoon cloud is imagined to be a messenger between lovers who are separated from one another.
    Valmiki is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana. The Ramayana is about Rama, a prince of Kosala, who was sent into exile.

    Unattempted
    

    Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women, and include stories about gods.
    A famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting his wife Kannagi.
    Another Tamil epic, the Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago.This describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.
    Meghaduta is one of Kalidasa’s best-known poems; in which a monsoon cloud is imagined to be a messenger between lovers who are separated from one another.
    Valmiki is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana. The Ramayana is about Rama, a prince of Kosala, who was sent into exile.
51. Question 51 of 100

    51. Question

    Who among the following compiled Puranas?
    (A) Vyasa
    (B) Manhak
    (C) Lopamudra
    (D) Vikramaditya

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The total number of Puranas is 18 but earlier, according to Matsya Purana; there was only one Purana and all other forms had originated from it. According to Brahmin Purana, the Puranas are supposed to have been compiled by Vyasa. Vishnu Purana shows that Vyasa gave his Puran Samhita to his disciple Lomharsh.
    Ugrasrava was Lomharsh’s son. He was also associated with the compilation of Puranas.
    Mankhak was a Sanskrit great poet of Kashmir. His famous compositions are ‘Shree Kantha charit mahakavya’ and ‘Mankhakosh’.
    Mahabharata was compiled by ‘Vyasa’, one of the compilators of Puranas. The writing work of Mahabharata was done 1500 years ago.

    Unattempted
    

    The total number of Puranas is 18 but earlier, according to Matsya Purana; there was only one Purana and all other forms had originated from it. According to Brahmin Purana, the Puranas are supposed to have been compiled by Vyasa. Vishnu Purana shows that Vyasa gave his Puran Samhita to his disciple Lomharsh.
    Ugrasrava was Lomharsh’s son. He was also associated with the compilation of Puranas.
    Mankhak was a Sanskrit great poet of Kashmir. His famous compositions are ‘Shree Kantha charit mahakavya’ and ‘Mankhakosh’.
    Mahabharata was compiled by ‘Vyasa’, one of the compilators of Puranas. The writing work of Mahabharata was done 1500 years ago.
52. Question 52 of 100

    52. Question

    How many of the following statements is/are correct about Rig Vedic Period ?
    (1) Rig Vedic society was patriarchal one but there was no practice of sati.
    (2) Some of the hymns in the Rigveda are in the form of dialogues between a sage named Vishvamitra, and two rivers, Beas and Yamuna.
    (3) Main occupation of Rig Vedic Aryans was cattle rearing.
    (4) Rig Vedic Aryans believed in natural as well as Idol worship.
    (A) Only two
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The cities of the Harappan Culture had declined by 1500 B.C. Consequently, their economic and administrative system had slowly declined. Around this period, the speakers of Indo-Aryan language, Sanskrit, entered the north-west India from the Indo-Iranian region. Their initial settlements were in the valleys of the north-west and the plains of the Punjab. Later, they moved into Indo-Gangetic plains. Statement 3 is correct : As they were mainly a cattle keeping people, they were mainly in search of pastures. By 6th century B.C., they occupied the whole of North India, which was referred to as Aryavarta. This period between 1500 B.C and 600 B.C may be divided into the Early Vedic Period or Rig Vedic Period (1500 B.C -1000 B.C) and the Later Vedic Period (1000B.C – 600 B.C).
    Statement 1 is correct : Rig vedic period: During the Rig Vedic period, the Aryans were mostly confined to the Indus region. The Rig Veda refers to Saptasindhu or the land of seven rivers. This includes the five rivers of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej along with the Indus and Saraswathi. The political, social and cultural life of the Rig Vedic people can be traced from the hymns of the Rig Veda. The Rig Vedic society was patriarchal. The basic unit of society was family or graham. There was no child marriage and the practice of Sati was absent during the Early Vedic or Rigvedic Period.
    Statement 4 is not correct : The head of the family was known as grahapathi. The Rig Vedic Aryans worshiped the natural forces like earth, fire, wind, rain and thunder. They personified these natural forces into many gods and worshipped them. There were no temples and no idol worship during the early Vedic period. Prayers were offered to the gods in the expectation of rewards. Ghee, milk and grain were given as offerings.
    Statement 2 is not correct : In the Rigveda, there is a hymn in the form of a dialogue between Sage Vishvamitra and two rivers Beas and Sutlej were worshipped as goddesses.

    Unattempted
    

    The cities of the Harappan Culture had declined by 1500 B.C. Consequently, their economic and administrative system had slowly declined. Around this period, the speakers of Indo-Aryan language, Sanskrit, entered the north-west India from the Indo-Iranian region. Their initial settlements were in the valleys of the north-west and the plains of the Punjab. Later, they moved into Indo-Gangetic plains. Statement 3 is correct : As they were mainly a cattle keeping people, they were mainly in search of pastures. By 6th century B.C., they occupied the whole of North India, which was referred to as Aryavarta. This period between 1500 B.C and 600 B.C may be divided into the Early Vedic Period or Rig Vedic Period (1500 B.C -1000 B.C) and the Later Vedic Period (1000B.C – 600 B.C).
    Statement 1 is correct : Rig vedic period: During the Rig Vedic period, the Aryans were mostly confined to the Indus region. The Rig Veda refers to Saptasindhu or the land of seven rivers. This includes the five rivers of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej along with the Indus and Saraswathi. The political, social and cultural life of the Rig Vedic people can be traced from the hymns of the Rig Veda. The Rig Vedic society was patriarchal. The basic unit of society was family or graham. There was no child marriage and the practice of Sati was absent during the Early Vedic or Rigvedic Period.
    Statement 4 is not correct : The head of the family was known as grahapathi. The Rig Vedic Aryans worshiped the natural forces like earth, fire, wind, rain and thunder. They personified these natural forces into many gods and worshipped them. There were no temples and no idol worship during the early Vedic period. Prayers were offered to the gods in the expectation of rewards. Ghee, milk and grain were given as offerings.
    Statement 2 is not correct : In the Rigveda, there is a hymn in the form of a dialogue between Sage Vishvamitra and two rivers Beas and Sutlej were worshipped as goddesses.
53. Question 53 of 100

    53. Question

    which among the folloing Upanishad mentions Atithi Devo Bhava?
    (A) mundak Upanishad
    (B) Tait-triya Upanishad
    (C) chandogya Upanishad
    (D) Aitareya Upanishad

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Atithi Devo Bhava, mentioned in Tait-triya Upanishad. It was originally coined to depict a visiting person whose date of arrival and departure is not fixed.
    ‘Atithi’ originally meaning “without a fixed calendrical time”,’Devo’ meaning “God” and “Bhav” meaning Be or Is, hence signifies The Guest Is God.

    Unattempted
    

    Atithi Devo Bhava, mentioned in Tait-triya Upanishad. It was originally coined to depict a visiting person whose date of arrival and departure is not fixed.
    ‘Atithi’ originally meaning “without a fixed calendrical time”,’Devo’ meaning “God” and “Bhav” meaning Be or Is, hence signifies The Guest Is God.
54. Question 54 of 100

    54. Question

    In the context of pre-medieval early Hindu temples, consider the following statements:
    (1) Gopuram was the most important part of the temple.
    (2) Garbagagriha was found only in some temples of north-east India.
    (3) Often, a tower, known as the Shikhara, was built on top of the temple.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : The most important part of the temple was the room known as the garbhagriha, where the image of the chief deity was placed. It was here that priests performed religious rituals, and devotees offered worship to the deity.
    Most temples also had a space known as the mandapa. It was a hall where people could assemble. Often, as at Bhitargaon, a tower, known as the shikhara, was built on top of the garbhagriha, to mark this out as a sacred place. Building shikharas required careful planning.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is not correct : The most important part of the temple was the room known as the garbhagriha, where the image of the chief deity was placed. It was here that priests performed religious rituals, and devotees offered worship to the deity.
    Most temples also had a space known as the mandapa. It was a hall where people could assemble. Often, as at Bhitargaon, a tower, known as the shikhara, was built on top of the garbhagriha, to mark this out as a sacred place. Building shikharas required careful planning.
55. Question 55 of 100

    55. Question

    Rishabnath was also called Aadibrahma because?
    (A) Due to his strength
    (B) First to tell Moksha Marg
    (C) Religious Preaching
    (D) Showing the path of livelihood

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Lord Rishabhdev also known as Lord Adinath was the first Jain Tirthankar of present time cycle. He lived before civilization developed. Because of this, he had the name of Ādināth – the original lord. He became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma.
    Facts about Rishabhnath:
    He is said to exist before Indus Valley Civilisation.
    It is mentioned that in Bhagavata Purana, he is referred to as Lord Vishnu.
    Vedas also mention the name of Rishabhnath.
    He had many sons including – Bharat and Bahubali (Note: The Gomateshwara Statue is dedicated to Bahubali; and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world. It is located in Shravanabelagola in Karnataka.)
    It is also believed that the name of the script ‘Brahmi’ is inspired by his daughter’s name.

    Unattempted
    

    Lord Rishabhdev also known as Lord Adinath was the first Jain Tirthankar of present time cycle. He lived before civilization developed. Because of this, he had the name of Ādināth – the original lord. He became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma.
    Facts about Rishabhnath:
    He is said to exist before Indus Valley Civilisation.
    It is mentioned that in Bhagavata Purana, he is referred to as Lord Vishnu.
    Vedas also mention the name of Rishabhnath.
    He had many sons including – Bharat and Bahubali (Note: The Gomateshwara Statue is dedicated to Bahubali; and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world. It is located in Shravanabelagola in Karnataka.)
    It is also believed that the name of the script ‘Brahmi’ is inspired by his daughter’s name.
56. Question 56 of 100

    56. Question

    The ideology of Charvakism, Jainism and Buddhis was uphold by which of the following philosophical system.
    (A) Orthodox System of Indian Philosophy
    (B) Unorthodox System of Indian Philosophy
    (C) Both A and B
    (D) None of the above

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Unorthodox systems of Indian Philosophy uphold the ideology of Charvakism, Ajivika, Jainism and Buddhism. Unorthodox Schools of Indian Philosophy are the Schools that do not accept the authority of Vedas and are by definition unorthodox (nastika) systems.
    The following schools belong to heterodox schools of Indian Philosophy.
    Charvaka (Brihaspati): Charvaka is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought.
    According to Charvaka there is no other world. Hence, death is the end of humans & pleasure is the ultimate object in life.
    It is also known as the Lokayata Philosophy-the philosophy of masses.
    Buddhist philosophy- Buddhism is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or nonexistence of God.
    Buddha considered the world as full of misery and considered a man’s duty to seek liberation from this painful world. He strongly criticized blind faith in the traditional scriptures like the Vedas.
    Jain Philosophy- A basic principle is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
    According to Jainism, only the Kevalins, those who have infinite knowledge, can know the true answer, and that all others would only know a part of the answer.

    Unattempted
    

    Unorthodox systems of Indian Philosophy uphold the ideology of Charvakism, Ajivika, Jainism and Buddhism. Unorthodox Schools of Indian Philosophy are the Schools that do not accept the authority of Vedas and are by definition unorthodox (nastika) systems.
    The following schools belong to heterodox schools of Indian Philosophy.
    Charvaka (Brihaspati): Charvaka is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought.
    According to Charvaka there is no other world. Hence, death is the end of humans & pleasure is the ultimate object in life.
    It is also known as the Lokayata Philosophy-the philosophy of masses.
    Buddhist philosophy- Buddhism is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or nonexistence of God.
    Buddha considered the world as full of misery and considered a man’s duty to seek liberation from this painful world. He strongly criticized blind faith in the traditional scriptures like the Vedas.
    Jain Philosophy- A basic principle is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
    According to Jainism, only the Kevalins, those who have infinite knowledge, can know the true answer, and that all others would only know a part of the answer.
57. Question 57 of 100

    57. Question

    Nalanda and Vikramshila were patronised by the
    (A) Palas
    (B) Parmaras
    (C) Chandelas
    (D) All the above

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Nalanda was a Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. They reportedly chided King Harsha for patronising Nalanda during the great age of the Guptas, was prized and cherished by the Palas. Vikramashila was one of the two most important centres of learning in India during the Pala Empire, along with Nalanda. Vikramashila was one of the largest Buddhist universities.

    Unattempted
    

    Nalanda was a Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. They reportedly chided King Harsha for patronising Nalanda during the great age of the Guptas, was prized and cherished by the Palas. Vikramashila was one of the two most important centres of learning in India during the Pala Empire, along with Nalanda. Vikramashila was one of the largest Buddhist universities.
58. Question 58 of 100

    58. Question

    How many of the following are beliefs of Buddhism?
    (1) The world is full of sorrows.
    (2) If desires are conquered, nirvana will be attained.
    (3) People suffer on account of desires.
    (4) The existence of God and Soul must be recognised.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only three
    (D) All four

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia. The Buddhist path combines both philosophical reasoning and meditation. The four Noble Truths of Buddhism are- The world is full of sorrows, Desire is root cause of sorrow, If desire is conquered all sorrows can be removed, Desire can be removed by following the eightfold path.

    Unattempted
    

    Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia. The Buddhist path combines both philosophical reasoning and meditation. The four Noble Truths of Buddhism are- The world is full of sorrows, Desire is root cause of sorrow, If desire is conquered all sorrows can be removed, Desire can be removed by following the eightfold path.
59. Question 59 of 100

    59. Question

    The ultimate goal of education in Jainism is?
    (A) Ahimsa
    (B) Renunciation
    (C) Moksha
    (D) Mandatory promotion of human welfare

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    In Jainism, moksha is the highest and the noblest objective that a soul should strive to achieve. In fact, it is the only objective that a person should have; other objectives are contrary to the true nature of soul. With the right view, knowledge and efforts all souls can attain this state. That is why Jainism is also known as mokṣamārga or the “path to liberation”.

    Unattempted
    

    In Jainism, moksha is the highest and the noblest objective that a soul should strive to achieve. In fact, it is the only objective that a person should have; other objectives are contrary to the true nature of soul. With the right view, knowledge and efforts all souls can attain this state. That is why Jainism is also known as mokṣamārga or the “path to liberation”.
60. Question 60 of 100

    60. Question

    What was manufactured in the Chola era using the “Lost wax” technique?
    (A) Household utensils
    (B) Bronze statues
    (C) Weapons
    (D) Toiletries

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Bronze statues were made by using “lost wax” technique in Chola era. First, an image was made of wax. This was covered with clay and allowed to dry. Next it was heated, and a tiny hole was made in the clay cover. The molten wax was drained out through this hole. Then molten metal was poured into the clay mould through the hole. Once the metal cooled and solidified, the clay cover was carefully removed , and the image was cleaned and polished.

    Unattempted
    

    Bronze statues were made by using “lost wax” technique in Chola era. First, an image was made of wax. This was covered with clay and allowed to dry. Next it was heated, and a tiny hole was made in the clay cover. The molten wax was drained out through this hole. Then molten metal was poured into the clay mould through the hole. Once the metal cooled and solidified, the clay cover was carefully removed , and the image was cleaned and polished.
61. Question 61 of 100

    61. Question

    How many of the following statements is/are correct about socio-religious life of the Later Vedic Period ?
    (1) Varna system became lost relevance during this period.
    (2) Agriculture became chief occupation.
    (3) Importance of the samiti and sabha had diminished during the later vedic period.
    (4) The importance of prayers declined and that of sacrifices incrised.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Iron was used extensively in this period and this enabled the people to clear forests and to bring more land under cultivation.Agriculture became the chief occupation. Improved types of implements were used for cultivation.
    The four divisions of society (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras) or the Varna system was thoroughly established during the Later Vedic period. The two higher classes – Brahmana, and Kshatriya enjoyed privileges that were denied to the Vaisya and Sudra. A Brahmin occupied a higher position than a Kshatriya but sometimes Kshatriyas claimed a higher status over the Brahmins. Many sub-castes on the basis of their occupation appeared in this period.
    In the later Vedic period, a large number of new officials were involved in the administration in addition to the existing purohita, senani and gramani. At the lower levels, the administration wascarried on by the village assemblies. The importance of the Samiti and the Sabha had diminished during the later Vedic period. Gods of the Early Vedic period like Indra and Agni lost their importance period. Sacrifices were still important and the rituals connected witht hem became more elaborate. The importance of prayers declined and that of sacrifices increased.

    Unattempted
    

    Iron was used extensively in this period and this enabled the people to clear forests and to bring more land under cultivation.Agriculture became the chief occupation. Improved types of implements were used for cultivation.
    The four divisions of society (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras) or the Varna system was thoroughly established during the Later Vedic period. The two higher classes – Brahmana, and Kshatriya enjoyed privileges that were denied to the Vaisya and Sudra. A Brahmin occupied a higher position than a Kshatriya but sometimes Kshatriyas claimed a higher status over the Brahmins. Many sub-castes on the basis of their occupation appeared in this period.
    In the later Vedic period, a large number of new officials were involved in the administration in addition to the existing purohita, senani and gramani. At the lower levels, the administration wascarried on by the village assemblies. The importance of the Samiti and the Sabha had diminished during the later Vedic period. Gods of the Early Vedic period like Indra and Agni lost their importance period. Sacrifices were still important and the rituals connected witht hem became more elaborate. The importance of prayers declined and that of sacrifices increased.
62. Question 62 of 100

    62. Question

    In Later vedic period king performed some types of sacrifices.
    Match the folloing pairs :
    Sacrifies – meaning
    (1) Rajasuya – A. consecration ceremony
    (2) Asvamedha – B. horse sacrifice
    (3) Vajpeya – C. chariot race
    (A) 1.A 2.C 3.B
    (B) 1.B 2.C 3.A
    (C) 1. C 2.B 3.A
    (D) 1 .A 2.B 3.C

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Larger kingdoms were formed during the later Vedic period.Many jana or tribes were amalgamated to form janapadas orrashtras in the later Vedic period. Hence the royal power had increased along with the increase in the size of kingdom. The king performed various rituals and sacrifices to strengthen his position. They include Rajasuya (consecration ceremony), Asvamedha(horse sacrifice) and Vajpeya (chariot race).

    Unattempted
    

    Larger kingdoms were formed during the later Vedic period.Many jana or tribes were amalgamated to form janapadas orrashtras in the later Vedic period. Hence the royal power had increased along with the increase in the size of kingdom. The king performed various rituals and sacrifices to strengthen his position. They include Rajasuya (consecration ceremony), Asvamedha(horse sacrifice) and Vajpeya (chariot race).
63. Question 63 of 100

    63. Question

    It is an early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. Theses were originally constructed to shelter the monks when it became difficult for them to lead the wanderer’s life.
    Which of the following have been addressed in above statement:
    (A) Vihara
    (B) Stupa
    (C) chaitya
    (D) sangha

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Vihara, early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. The viharas in India were originally constructed to shelter the monks during the rainy season, when it became difficult for them to lead the wanderer’s life.
    Stupa, Buddhist commemorative monument usually housing sacred relics associated with the Buddha or other saintly persons. The hemispherical form of the stupa appears to have derived from pre-Buddhist burial mounds in India.
    Chaitya was a shrine or a buddhist place of worship, where the buddhist devotees used to assamble for prayers and worship.

    Unattempted
    

    Vihara, early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. The viharas in India were originally constructed to shelter the monks during the rainy season, when it became difficult for them to lead the wanderer’s life.
    Stupa, Buddhist commemorative monument usually housing sacred relics associated with the Buddha or other saintly persons. The hemispherical form of the stupa appears to have derived from pre-Buddhist burial mounds in India.
    Chaitya was a shrine or a buddhist place of worship, where the buddhist devotees used to assamble for prayers and worship.
64. Question 64 of 100

    64. Question

    Consider the following statement:
    (1) Buddha was born in Gaya.
    (2) As per Upanishads ultimately, both the atman and the brahman were one.
    (3) There is no mention of women thinkers in Upanishads.
    (4) As per vanaprastha ashram one had to live in the forest and meditate.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?
    (A) Only two
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Buddha was born in Lumbini, a part of Shakya gana and he was a kshatriya. Many of Upanishads thinkers felt that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. They described this as the atman or the individual soul and the brahman or the universal soul. They believed that ultimately, both the atman and the brahman were one. Most Upanishadic thinkers were men, especially brahmins and rajas. Occasionally, there is mention of women thinkers, such as Gargi, who was famous for her learning, and participated in debates held in royal courts.
    Four ashramas were recognised:
    brahmacharya, grihastha, vanaprastha and samnyasa. Brahmin, kshatriya and vaishya men were expected to lead simple lives and study the Vedas during the early years of their life (brahmacharya). Then they had to marry and live as householders (grihastha). Then they had to live in the forest and meditate (vanaprastha). Finally, they had to give up everything and become samnyasins.

    Unattempted
    

    Buddha was born in Lumbini, a part of Shakya gana and he was a kshatriya. Many of Upanishads thinkers felt that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. They described this as the atman or the individual soul and the brahman or the universal soul. They believed that ultimately, both the atman and the brahman were one. Most Upanishadic thinkers were men, especially brahmins and rajas. Occasionally, there is mention of women thinkers, such as Gargi, who was famous for her learning, and participated in debates held in royal courts.
    Four ashramas were recognised:
    brahmacharya, grihastha, vanaprastha and samnyasa. Brahmin, kshatriya and vaishya men were expected to lead simple lives and study the Vedas during the early years of their life (brahmacharya). Then they had to marry and live as householders (grihastha). Then they had to live in the forest and meditate (vanaprastha). Finally, they had to give up everything and become samnyasins.
65. Question 65 of 100

    65. Question

    Satavahana were known as?
    (A) Uttardhaiyni
    (B) Dakshinapatha
    (C) Matraputras
    (D) Rajadirajas

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Around 200 years later a dynasty known as the Satavahanas became powerful in western India. The most important ruler of the Satavahanas was Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
    He and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the dakshinapatha, literally the route leading to the south, which was also used as a name for the entire southern region.
    He sent his army to the eastern, western and southern coasts.

    Unattempted
    

    Around 200 years later a dynasty known as the Satavahanas became powerful in western India. The most important ruler of the Satavahanas was Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
    He and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the dakshinapatha, literally the route leading to the south, which was also used as a name for the entire southern region.
    He sent his army to the eastern, western and southern coasts.
66. Question 66 of 100

    66. Question

    Cotton was invented first in Indus Valley civilisation, but the technique to make silk out of cotton was first invented in?
    (A) India
    (B) Greece
    (C) China
    (D) Europe

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Some people from China who went to distant lands on foot, horseback, and on camels, carried silk with them. The paths they followed came to be known as the Silk Route.
    Sometimes, Chinese rulers sent gifts of silk to rulers in Iran and west Asia, and from there, the knowledge of silk spread further west.
    About 2000 years ago, wearing silk became the fashion amongst rulers and rich people in Rome. It was very expensive, as it had to be brought all the way from China, along dangerous roads, through mountains and deserts. People living along the route often demanded payments for allowing traders to pass through.
    Hence, Techniques of making silk were first invented in China around 7000 years ago.

    Unattempted
    

    Some people from China who went to distant lands on foot, horseback, and on camels, carried silk with them. The paths they followed came to be known as the Silk Route.
    Sometimes, Chinese rulers sent gifts of silk to rulers in Iran and west Asia, and from there, the knowledge of silk spread further west.
    About 2000 years ago, wearing silk became the fashion amongst rulers and rich people in Rome. It was very expensive, as it had to be brought all the way from China, along dangerous roads, through mountains and deserts. People living along the route often demanded payments for allowing traders to pass through.
    Hence, Techniques of making silk were first invented in China around 7000 years ago.
67. Question 67 of 100

    67. Question

    According to Prayaga Prasasti,he was a great conqueror. He took the title as He known for his Dakshinapatha. He issued gold coins with the legend restorer of the ashvamedha.
    Who among the following described in above passage?
    (A) Ashoka
    (B) Chandraguta 1
    (C) Chandragulta 2
    (D) Samudragupta

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Samudragupta (330-380 A.D.) Samudragupta was the greatest of the rulers of the Gupta dynasty. The Allahabad Pillar inscription provides a detailed account of his reign. It refers to three stages in his military campaign:
    (1) Against some rulers of North India.
    (2) His famous Dakshinapatha expedition against South Indian rulers.
    (3) A second campaign against some other rulers of North India.
    In the first campaign Samudragupta defeated Achyuta and Nagasena. Achyuta was probably a Naga ruler. Nagasena belonged to the Kota family which was ruling over the upper Gangetic valley.
    They were defeated and their states were annexed. As a result of this short campaign, Samudragupta had gained complete mastery over the upper Gangetic valley. Then Samudragupta marched against the South Indian monarchs. The Allahabad Pillar inscription mentions that Samudragupta defeated twelve rulers in his South Indian Expedition. They were Mahendra of Kosala, Vyaghraraja of Mahakanthara, Mantaraja of Kaurala, Mahendragiri of Pishtapura, Swamidatta of Kottura, Damana of Erandapalla, Vishnugupta of Kanchi, Nilaraja of Avamukta, Hastivarman of Vengi, Ugrasena of Palakka, Kubera of Devarashtra and Dhananjaya of Kushtalapura. Samudragupta’s policy in South India was different.
    He did not destroy and annex those kingdoms. Instead, he defeated the rulers but gave them back their kingdoms. He only insisted on them to acknowledge his suzerainty. The third stage of Samudragupta’s campaign was to eliminate his remaining north Indian rivals. He fought against nine kings, uprooted them and annexed their territoriesAfter these military victories, Samudragupta performed the asvamedha sacrifice. He issued gold and silver coins with the legend ‘restorer of the asvamedha’. It is because of his military achievements Samudragupta was hailed as ‘Indian Napoleon’.

    Unattempted
    

    Samudragupta (330-380 A.D.) Samudragupta was the greatest of the rulers of the Gupta dynasty. The Allahabad Pillar inscription provides a detailed account of his reign. It refers to three stages in his military campaign:
    (1) Against some rulers of North India.
    (2) His famous Dakshinapatha expedition against South Indian rulers.
    (3) A second campaign against some other rulers of North India.
    In the first campaign Samudragupta defeated Achyuta and Nagasena. Achyuta was probably a Naga ruler. Nagasena belonged to the Kota family which was ruling over the upper Gangetic valley.
    They were defeated and their states were annexed. As a result of this short campaign, Samudragupta had gained complete mastery over the upper Gangetic valley. Then Samudragupta marched against the South Indian monarchs. The Allahabad Pillar inscription mentions that Samudragupta defeated twelve rulers in his South Indian Expedition. They were Mahendra of Kosala, Vyaghraraja of Mahakanthara, Mantaraja of Kaurala, Mahendragiri of Pishtapura, Swamidatta of Kottura, Damana of Erandapalla, Vishnugupta of Kanchi, Nilaraja of Avamukta, Hastivarman of Vengi, Ugrasena of Palakka, Kubera of Devarashtra and Dhananjaya of Kushtalapura. Samudragupta’s policy in South India was different.
    He did not destroy and annex those kingdoms. Instead, he defeated the rulers but gave them back their kingdoms. He only insisted on them to acknowledge his suzerainty. The third stage of Samudragupta’s campaign was to eliminate his remaining north Indian rivals. He fought against nine kings, uprooted them and annexed their territoriesAfter these military victories, Samudragupta performed the asvamedha sacrifice. He issued gold and silver coins with the legend ‘restorer of the asvamedha’. It is because of his military achievements Samudragupta was hailed as ‘Indian Napoleon’.
68. Question 68 of 100

    68. Question

    Consider the following statements:
    (1) Fahien. (a) Harshwardhan
    (2) Hiuen Tsang. (b) Chandragupta 2
    (3) Al-beruni. (c) Mahmud of Ghazni
    Try to match the following travellers with their contemporary rulers.
    (A) 1(a) 2(b) 3(c)
    (B) 1(a) 2(c) 3(b)
    (C) 1(b) 2(a) 3(c)
    (D) 1(b) 2(c) 3(a)

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Fahien’s Visit The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. Out of his nine years stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire. He came to India by the land route through Khotan, Kashgar, Gandhara and Punjab. He visited Peshawar, Mathura, Kanauj, Sravasti, Kapilavastu, Kusinagara, Pataliputra, Kasi and Bodh Gaya among other places. He returned by the sea route, visiting on the way Ceylon and Java. The main purpose of his visit was to see the land of the Buddha and to collect Buddhist manuscripts from India. He stayed in Pataliputra for three years studying Sanskrit and copying Buddhist texts.
    In his early life, Harsha was a devout Saiva but later he became an ardent Hinayana Buddhist. Hiuen Tsang converted him to Mahayana Buddhism. Harsha prohibited the use of animal food in his kingdom and punished those who kill any living being. He erected thousands of stupas and established travellers’ rests all over his kingdom. He also erected monasteries at the sacred places of Buddhists. Once in five years he convened a gathering of representatives of all religions and honoured them with gifts and costly presents. He brought the Buddhist monks together frequently to discuss and examine the Buddhist doctrine.Alberuni was in the Mahmud’s court and wrote the famous Kitab-i-Hind, an account on India.

    Unattempted
    

    Fahien’s Visit The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. Out of his nine years stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire. He came to India by the land route through Khotan, Kashgar, Gandhara and Punjab. He visited Peshawar, Mathura, Kanauj, Sravasti, Kapilavastu, Kusinagara, Pataliputra, Kasi and Bodh Gaya among other places. He returned by the sea route, visiting on the way Ceylon and Java. The main purpose of his visit was to see the land of the Buddha and to collect Buddhist manuscripts from India. He stayed in Pataliputra for three years studying Sanskrit and copying Buddhist texts.
    In his early life, Harsha was a devout Saiva but later he became an ardent Hinayana Buddhist. Hiuen Tsang converted him to Mahayana Buddhism. Harsha prohibited the use of animal food in his kingdom and punished those who kill any living being. He erected thousands of stupas and established travellers’ rests all over his kingdom. He also erected monasteries at the sacred places of Buddhists. Once in five years he convened a gathering of representatives of all religions and honoured them with gifts and costly presents. He brought the Buddhist monks together frequently to discuss and examine the Buddhist doctrine.Alberuni was in the Mahmud’s court and wrote the famous Kitab-i-Hind, an account on India.
69. Question 69 of 100

    69. Question

    Who led the foundation of Nalanda University?
    (A) Sandagupta
    (B) Kumargupta
    (C) Buddhagupta
    (D) Chandragupta II

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Kumaragupta was the son and successor of Chandragupta II. His reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. He issued a number of coins and his inscriptions are found all over the Gupta empire. He also performed an asvamedha sacrifice. Most importantly, he laid the foundation of the NalandaUniversity which emerged an institution of international reputation. At the end of his reign, a powerful wealthy tribe called the ‘Pushyamitras’ defeated the Gupta army.

    Unattempted
    

    Kumaragupta was the son and successor of Chandragupta II. His reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. He issued a number of coins and his inscriptions are found all over the Gupta empire. He also performed an asvamedha sacrifice. Most importantly, he laid the foundation of the NalandaUniversity which emerged an institution of international reputation. At the end of his reign, a powerful wealthy tribe called the ‘Pushyamitras’ defeated the Gupta army.
70. Question 70 of 100

    70. Question

    According to Tamil Literature Sangam text, how many of the below pairs are correctly match the categories of people living in villages.
    (1) Adimai : landowners
    (2) Uzhavar. : ploughmen
    (3) Vellalar : slaves
    (A) Only one pair
    (B) Only two pairs
    (C) All three pairs
    (D) None of the pairs

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Early Tamil literature (the Sangam texts) also mentions different categories of people living in the villages – large landowners or vellalar, ploughmen or uzhavar and slaves or adimai. It is likely that these differences were based on differential access to land, labour and some of the new technologies. In such a situation,questions of control over land must have become crucial, as these were often discussed in legal texts.

    Unattempted
    

    Early Tamil literature (the Sangam texts) also mentions different categories of people living in the villages – large landowners or vellalar, ploughmen or uzhavar and slaves or adimai. It is likely that these differences were based on differential access to land, labour and some of the new technologies. In such a situation,questions of control over land must have become crucial, as these were often discussed in legal texts.
71. Question 71 of 100

    71. Question

    With reference to the history of ancient India, Avalokitesvara , Manjusri, Akasagarbha were related to
    (A) Philosophers
    (B) Jain Monks
    (C) Bodhisattvas
    (D) Playwriters

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Bodhisattva is an important concept in Buddhism.It is broadly understood as the attainment of a mindset (chitta) like Buddha. The individuals who are on the path to becoming Buddha or attaining salvation are known as BodhisattvasThere are 8 important Bodhisattvas who represent different aspects of Buddha. They are as following:
    (1) Avalokitesvara (Buddha’s Compassion): Avalokiteshwara means one who can see all. He represents infinite compassion and mercy. He is the most popularBodhisattva of all. He represents the ideal of welfare in which he postpones his own transformation into Buddha to help others.
    (2) Manjusri (Buddha’s Wisdom): The literal meaning of his name is ‘Gentle Glory’. He represents Pragya or transcendental wisdom at a very early age.
    (3) Samantabhadra (Buddha’s Aspirations): The meaning of Samantabhadra is ‘Universal Worthy’ and he is associated with practice and meditation. He madeten vows to fulfil his journey of becoming a Buddha.
    (4) Ksitigarbha (Buddha’s Merit): He is popular as a Buddhist monk in the mostly East Asia. While the name literally means Earth Womb, he is revered as theguardian of children and patron deity of deceased children. He carries a staff.
    (5) Maitreya (Buddha’s Activity): He is also known as Ajita Boddhisattva. It is believed that he will arrive when people will forget the path of righteousness. He isconsidered as the successor of Gautam Buddha. In Buddhist traditions, he is revered as someone who will achieve complete enlightenment and will teachdharma to people.
    (6) Vajrapani (Buddha’s Power): He is described as one of the 3 protective deities around Buddha, others are Manjusri and Avlokiteshwara. Vajrapani represents Buddha’s power while Buddha’s wisdom is symbolised by Manjushri, and Avalokiteshwara manifests as Buddha’s compassion.
    (7) Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin (Buddha’s Qualities): He is invoked to remove or eliminate all the obstacles to insure a successful meditation.
    (8) Akasagarbha (Buddha’s Blessings): He is boundless as space. He was the twin brother of Ksitigarbha. He manifests as a blessing.

    Unattempted
    

    Bodhisattva is an important concept in Buddhism.It is broadly understood as the attainment of a mindset (chitta) like Buddha. The individuals who are on the path to becoming Buddha or attaining salvation are known as BodhisattvasThere are 8 important Bodhisattvas who represent different aspects of Buddha. They are as following:
    (1) Avalokitesvara (Buddha’s Compassion): Avalokiteshwara means one who can see all. He represents infinite compassion and mercy. He is the most popularBodhisattva of all. He represents the ideal of welfare in which he postpones his own transformation into Buddha to help others.
    (2) Manjusri (Buddha’s Wisdom): The literal meaning of his name is ‘Gentle Glory’. He represents Pragya or transcendental wisdom at a very early age.
    (3) Samantabhadra (Buddha’s Aspirations): The meaning of Samantabhadra is ‘Universal Worthy’ and he is associated with practice and meditation. He madeten vows to fulfil his journey of becoming a Buddha.
    (4) Ksitigarbha (Buddha’s Merit): He is popular as a Buddhist monk in the mostly East Asia. While the name literally means Earth Womb, he is revered as theguardian of children and patron deity of deceased children. He carries a staff.
    (5) Maitreya (Buddha’s Activity): He is also known as Ajita Boddhisattva. It is believed that he will arrive when people will forget the path of righteousness. He isconsidered as the successor of Gautam Buddha. In Buddhist traditions, he is revered as someone who will achieve complete enlightenment and will teachdharma to people.
    (6) Vajrapani (Buddha’s Power): He is described as one of the 3 protective deities around Buddha, others are Manjusri and Avlokiteshwara. Vajrapani represents Buddha’s power while Buddha’s wisdom is symbolised by Manjushri, and Avalokiteshwara manifests as Buddha’s compassion.
    (7) Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin (Buddha’s Qualities): He is invoked to remove or eliminate all the obstacles to insure a successful meditation.
    (8) Akasagarbha (Buddha’s Blessings): He is boundless as space. He was the twin brother of Ksitigarbha. He manifests as a blessing.
72. Question 72 of 100

    72. Question

    Match the Mahajanpadas with their capital.
    Mahajanapadas Capitals
    (1) Vatsa A. Rajgriha
    (2) Avanti B.Ayodhya
    (3) Kosala C. Kaushambi
    (4) Magadha D.Ujjain
    (A) 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D
    (B) 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C
    (C) 1. C 2.D 3.B 4.A
    (D) 1 .A 2.B 3.C 4.D

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Vatsa The Vatsa kingdom was situated on the banks of the river Yamuna. Its capital was Kausambi near modern Allahabad. Its most popular ruler was Udayana.
    He strengthened his position by entering into matrimonial alliances with Avanti, Anga and Magadha. After his death, Vatsa was annexed to the Avanti kingdom.
    Avanti The capital of Avanti was Ujjain. The most important ruler of this kingdom was Pradyota. He became powerful by marrying Vasavadatta, the daughter of Udayana. He patronized Buddhism. The successors of Pradyota were weak and later this kingdom was taken over by the rulers of Magadha.
    Kosala Ayodhya was the capital of Kosala. King Prasenajit was its famous ruler. He was highly educated. His position was further strengthened by the matrimonial alliance with Magadha. His sister was married to Bimbisara and Kasi was given to her as dowry.
    Subsequently there was a dispute with Ajatasatru.
    After the end of the conflict, Prasenajit married the daughter of Bimbisara. After the death of this powerful king, Kosala became part of the Magadha.
    Magadha Of all the kingdoms of north India, Magadha emerged powerful and prosperous. It became the nerve centre of political activity in north India. Magadha was endowed by nature with certain geographical and strategic advantages. These made her to rise to imperial greatness. Her strategic position between the upper and lower part of the Gangetic valley was a great advantage. It had a fertile soil. The iron ores in the hills near Rajgir and copper and iron deposits near Gaya added to its natural assets. Her location at the centre of the highways of trade of those days contributed to her wealth. Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha. During the reign of Bimbisara and Ajatasatru, the prosperity of Magadha reached its zenith.

    Unattempted
    

    Vatsa The Vatsa kingdom was situated on the banks of the river Yamuna. Its capital was Kausambi near modern Allahabad. Its most popular ruler was Udayana.
    He strengthened his position by entering into matrimonial alliances with Avanti, Anga and Magadha. After his death, Vatsa was annexed to the Avanti kingdom.
    Avanti The capital of Avanti was Ujjain. The most important ruler of this kingdom was Pradyota. He became powerful by marrying Vasavadatta, the daughter of Udayana. He patronized Buddhism. The successors of Pradyota were weak and later this kingdom was taken over by the rulers of Magadha.
    Kosala Ayodhya was the capital of Kosala. King Prasenajit was its famous ruler. He was highly educated. His position was further strengthened by the matrimonial alliance with Magadha. His sister was married to Bimbisara and Kasi was given to her as dowry.
    Subsequently there was a dispute with Ajatasatru.
    After the end of the conflict, Prasenajit married the daughter of Bimbisara. After the death of this powerful king, Kosala became part of the Magadha.
    Magadha Of all the kingdoms of north India, Magadha emerged powerful and prosperous. It became the nerve centre of political activity in north India. Magadha was endowed by nature with certain geographical and strategic advantages. These made her to rise to imperial greatness. Her strategic position between the upper and lower part of the Gangetic valley was a great advantage. It had a fertile soil. The iron ores in the hills near Rajgir and copper and iron deposits near Gaya added to its natural assets. Her location at the centre of the highways of trade of those days contributed to her wealth. Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha. During the reign of Bimbisara and Ajatasatru, the prosperity of Magadha reached its zenith.
73. Question 73 of 100

    73. Question

    Consider the following statements.
    (1) Ashokan pillars shaft was microlithic
    (2) Central buildings were the place of their attachment
    Which of these statements are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both of them
    (D) Neither of them

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Ashoka pillars were independently erected by Royal diction. Ashoka pillars, (usually made of chunar sandstone), as a symbol of the state, assumed a great significance in the entire Mauryan Empire.
    Objective: The main objective was to disseminate the Buddhist ideology and court orders in the entire Mauryan empire.
    Language: While most Ashoka pillar edicts were in Pali and Prakrit language, few were written in Greek or Aramaic language also.

    Unattempted
    

    The Ashoka pillars were independently erected by Royal diction. Ashoka pillars, (usually made of chunar sandstone), as a symbol of the state, assumed a great significance in the entire Mauryan Empire.
    Objective: The main objective was to disseminate the Buddhist ideology and court orders in the entire Mauryan empire.
    Language: While most Ashoka pillar edicts were in Pali and Prakrit language, few were written in Greek or Aramaic language also.
74. Question 74 of 100

    74. Question

    Consider the following statements.
    (1) The Chalcolithic people heavily relied on Burnt bricks.
    (2) As compared to Indus valley civilisation, Chalcholithic communities were rural in nature.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only.
    (B) 2 only.
    (C) Both 1 and 2.
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect as Burnt bricks were 1st used in Indus Valley civilisation.
    Indus valley civilisation (2500 BC to 1800 BC) is an urban civilisation whereas chalcolithic civilisation was rural in nature hence statement 2 is correct.
    The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC. It flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization). It started declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC.
    This is also called Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan).
    Chalcolithic culture refers to the end of the Neolithic period that saw the use of metals, specifically the use of copper. main features of the Chalcolithic Age are as follows:
    Presence of painted pottery.
    The practice of burying the dead, being buried in a particular direction.
    Limited number of copper and bronze tools were recovered during that time period.

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 1 is incorrect as Burnt bricks were 1st used in Indus Valley civilisation.
    Indus valley civilisation (2500 BC to 1800 BC) is an urban civilisation whereas chalcolithic civilisation was rural in nature hence statement 2 is correct.
    The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC. It flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization). It started declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC.
    This is also called Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan).
    Chalcolithic culture refers to the end of the Neolithic period that saw the use of metals, specifically the use of copper. main features of the Chalcolithic Age are as follows:
    Presence of painted pottery.
    The practice of burying the dead, being buried in a particular direction.
    Limited number of copper and bronze tools were recovered during that time period.
75. Question 75 of 100

    75. Question

    With reference to prehistoric period match the following sites with their location.
    Sites – Location.
    (1) Bhimbetka – Madhya Pradesh
    (2) Bellan valley – Andhra Pradesh
    (3) Kurnool caves – Uttar Pradesh
    (4) Mangar bani – Haryana
    Choose the correct pair.
    (A) Only one pair is correct
    (B) Only two pairs are correct
    (C) Only three pairs are correct
    (D) All the pairs are correct.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The correct pairs are
    Sites Location.
    (1) Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh
    (2) Bellan valley Uttar Pradesh
    (3) Kurnool caves Andhra Pradesh
    (4) Mangar bani Haryana

    Unattempted
    

    The correct pairs are
    Sites Location.
    (1) Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh
    (2) Bellan valley Uttar Pradesh
    (3) Kurnool caves Andhra Pradesh
    (4) Mangar bani Haryana
76. Question 76 of 100

    76. Question

    Consider the following statements
    (1) The first evidence of agriculture was found in the Neolithic period.
    (2) All the Palaeolithic tools are found all over India.
    (3) The cave paintings at Bhimbetka are declared by UNESCO as World heritage site.
    Select the correct statements:
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The first evidence of agriculture was found in the Neolithic period from Baluchistan province of Pakistan. Hence statement 1 is correct.
    All the Palaeolithic tools are found all over India, except Gangetic plains, Indus plains and Kerala.
    Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
    The cave paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh was declared by UNESCO as World heritage site in the year 2003. Hence statement 3 is correct.
    Currently there are 40 UNESCO World heritage sites present in India. The latest additions are Rudreswara temple and dholavira in 2021.

    Unattempted
    

    The first evidence of agriculture was found in the Neolithic period from Baluchistan province of Pakistan. Hence statement 1 is correct.
    All the Palaeolithic tools are found all over India, except Gangetic plains, Indus plains and Kerala.
    Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
    The cave paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh was declared by UNESCO as World heritage site in the year 2003. Hence statement 3 is correct.
    Currently there are 40 UNESCO World heritage sites present in India. The latest additions are Rudreswara temple and dholavira in 2021.
77. Question 77 of 100

    77. Question

    With reference to Megalith, which of the following stone was made of a “Single megalith and was placed horizontally.”
    (A) Mehnir
    (B) Dolmen
    (C) Capstone
    (D) Cist

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Mehnir – an upright stone that has been found at barur in Udupi district.
    Dolmen – A large capstone on 2 or more supported stones used as a tomb.
    Capstone – Single megalith placed horizontally, often over burial chambers without the use of support stones.
    Cist – Underground megalith. They were single and multiple chamber.

    Unattempted
    

    Mehnir – an upright stone that has been found at barur in Udupi district.
    Dolmen – A large capstone on 2 or more supported stones used as a tomb.
    Capstone – Single megalith placed horizontally, often over burial chambers without the use of support stones.
    Cist – Underground megalith. They were single and multiple chamber.
78. Question 78 of 100

    78. Question

    What is the correct sequence of occurrence events in the Indian Subcontinent?
    (1) The beginning of agriculture with growing of crops like wheat and barley along the sulaiman and Kirthar hills.
    (2) Cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries.
    (3) Earliest cities flourished on the banks of the river-Indus and its tributaries.
    (4) Formation of Nalanda University.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
    (A) 4-2-1-3
    (B) 1-3-2-4
    (C) 1-2-4-3
    (D) 1-4-3-2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Correct sequence of occurrence of events are :
    (1) The beginning of agriculture with growing of crops like wheat and barley along the sulaiman and Kirthar hills.
    (2) Earliest cities flourished on the banks of the river-Indus and its tributaries.
    (3) Cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries.
    (4) Formation of Nalanda University.

    Unattempted
    

    Correct sequence of occurrence of events are :
    (1) The beginning of agriculture with growing of crops like wheat and barley along the sulaiman and Kirthar hills.
    (2) Earliest cities flourished on the banks of the river-Indus and its tributaries.
    (3) Cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries.
    (4) Formation of Nalanda University.
79. Question 79 of 100

    79. Question

    Consider the following statements about Harappan civilization :
    (1) The Harappan culture was famous for its distinguished system of town planning.
    (2) The most important public place for Mohenjodaro seems to be a great bath.
    (3) Granary was the largest building of Mohenjodaro.
    (4) The use of baked bricks in Harappan cities is remarkable.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct:
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    All the statements are true. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization had achieved some spectacular standards when it came to town planning. Each city was carefully planned and at the peak of the civilization housed almost 40,000 people.
    Great Bath is also the most important public place in Mohenjodaro and the Granary was the largest building. The use of baked bricks was also found in building houses.

    Unattempted
    

    All the statements are true. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization had achieved some spectacular standards when it came to town planning. Each city was carefully planned and at the peak of the civilization housed almost 40,000 people.
    Great Bath is also the most important public place in Mohenjodaro and the Granary was the largest building. The use of baked bricks was also found in building houses.
80. Question 80 of 100

    80. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Both Harappa and Mohenjodaro belong to Pakistan.
    (2) The largest building in Mohenjodaro is the granary.
    (3) The most important public place in Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath.
    How many of the above statement is not correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Both Harappa and Mohenjodaro are in present-day Pakistan, in Punjab and Sindh provinces, respectively. So, statement 1 is correct.
    The largest building discovered at Mohenjodaro is Great Granary, which is divided into 27 rooms of different sizes andshapes. So, statement 2 is correct.
    The Great Bath, a part of a large citadel, was the most important public place of Mohenjodaro made for ritual bathing. So, statement 3 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Both Harappa and Mohenjodaro are in present-day Pakistan, in Punjab and Sindh provinces, respectively. So, statement 1 is correct.
    The largest building discovered at Mohenjodaro is Great Granary, which is divided into 27 rooms of different sizes andshapes. So, statement 2 is correct.
    The Great Bath, a part of a large citadel, was the most important public place of Mohenjodaro made for ritual bathing. So, statement 3 is correct.
81. Question 81 of 100

    81. Question

    Consider the following pairs as per Harappan culture?
    (1) Tin – Afghanistan
    (2) Precious stones – east India
    (3) Copper – Rajasthan
    How many of the above pairs is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Metallurgical studies of Harappan culture show that tin was possibly brought from Afghanistan. So, pair 1 is correct.
    The precious stones used in jewelry could have been sourced from south India. So, pair 2 is not correct.
    The impure ores in copper show that Harappans sourced their copper from the Khetri mines of Rajasthan. So, pair 3 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Metallurgical studies of Harappan culture show that tin was possibly brought from Afghanistan. So, pair 1 is correct.
    The precious stones used in jewelry could have been sourced from south India. So, pair 2 is not correct.
    The impure ores in copper show that Harappans sourced their copper from the Khetri mines of Rajasthan. So, pair 3 is correct.
82. Question 82 of 100

    82. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) There are evidence of temples in Indus Valley civilisation.
    (2) There were remains of weapons found in Harappan sites.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Unlike Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, Harappan culture lacks the presence of temples inside it. So, statement 1 is not correct.
    Harappan civilization lacked the remains of weapons. This concludes that the Harappan civilization want ruled by a king or a warrior class. So, statement 2 is not correct.

    Unattempted
    

    Unlike Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, Harappan culture lacks the presence of temples inside it. So, statement 1 is not correct.
    Harappan civilization lacked the remains of weapons. This concludes that the Harappan civilization want ruled by a king or a warrior class. So, statement 2 is not correct.
83. Question 83 of 100

    83. Question

    Which of the following statement is correct about the cave architecture during the Maurya period?
    (A) They were generally used as prayer halls.
    (B) Interior walls are crudely designed and lacks Finesse.
    (C) Vihar were the residential halls only for the Buddhists.
    (D) All the caves of the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills were donated as dwellings to Ajivika ascetics.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Caves in Maurya period was generally used as Viharas. Interior walls were marked by highly polished finish and decorative gateways.
    All the caves of the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills were donated as dwellings to Ajivika ascetics.

    Unattempted
    

    Caves in Maurya period was generally used as Viharas. Interior walls were marked by highly polished finish and decorative gateways.
    All the caves of the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills were donated as dwellings to Ajivika ascetics.
84. Question 84 of 100

    84. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding Mauryan administration :
    (1) Mauryan administration followed the idea of centralized government.
    (2) Basic unit of administration of empire was gram.
    (3) Samharta was in charge of the collection of all revenues of the empire.
    (4) Village administration was in the hands of officials called Rajukas.
    How many of the above statements is/are not correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The ascendancy of the Mauryas had resulted in the triumph of monarchy in India. Other systems like republics and oligarchies that were prevalent in the pre Mauryan India had collapsed. Although Kautilya the foremost political theorist of ancient India supported the monarchial form of government.
    Samharta, the chief of the Revenue Department, was in charge of the collection of all revenues of the empire. The revenues came from land, irrigation, customs, shop tax, ferry tax, forests, mines and pastures, license fee from craftsmen, and fines collected in the law courts. The land revenue was normally fixed as one sixth of the produce.
    The Mauryan Empire was divided into four provinces with their capitals at Taxila, Ujjain, Suvarnagiri and Kalinga. The provincial governors were mostly appointed from the members of royal family.
    Statement 4 is not correct : They were responsible the maintenance of law and order and collection of taxes for the empire. The district administration was under the charge of Rajukas, whose position and functions are similar to modern collectors. He was assisted by Yuktas or subordinate officials. Village administration was in the hands of Gramani and his official superior was called Gopa who was in charge of ten or fifteen villages.

    Unattempted
    

    The ascendancy of the Mauryas had resulted in the triumph of monarchy in India. Other systems like republics and oligarchies that were prevalent in the pre Mauryan India had collapsed. Although Kautilya the foremost political theorist of ancient India supported the monarchial form of government.
    Samharta, the chief of the Revenue Department, was in charge of the collection of all revenues of the empire. The revenues came from land, irrigation, customs, shop tax, ferry tax, forests, mines and pastures, license fee from craftsmen, and fines collected in the law courts. The land revenue was normally fixed as one sixth of the produce.
    The Mauryan Empire was divided into four provinces with their capitals at Taxila, Ujjain, Suvarnagiri and Kalinga. The provincial governors were mostly appointed from the members of royal family.
    Statement 4 is not correct : They were responsible the maintenance of law and order and collection of taxes for the empire. The district administration was under the charge of Rajukas, whose position and functions are similar to modern collectors. He was assisted by Yuktas or subordinate officials. Village administration was in the hands of Gramani and his official superior was called Gopa who was in charge of ten or fifteen villages.
85. Question 85 of 100

    85. Question

    which of the folloing satements is not correct about Satavahanas dynasty.
    (A) They were also known as Andhras.
    (B) Greatest ruler of satavahana dynasty was Gautamiputra satakarni.
    (C) They followed Brahmanism and shown zero tolerance towards other religions.
    (D) Amaravati school of art patronised by satvahana rulers.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    In the Deccan, the Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas. Their rule lasted for about 450 years. They were also known as the Andhras. The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas. Among the inscriptions, the Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
    The greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni. He ruled for a period of 24 years from 106 to 130 A.D. His achievements were recorded in the Nasik inscription by his mother Gautami Balasri. Gautamiputra Satakarni captured the whole of Deccan and expanded his empire. His victory over Nagapana, the ruler of Malwa was remarkable. He patronized Brahmanism. Yet, he also gave donations to Buddhists.
    The Satavahanas patronized Buddhism and Brahmanism. They built chaityas and viharas. They also made grants of villages and lands to Buddhist monks.
    Vashishtaputra Pulamayi repaired the old Amaravathi stupa.

    Unattempted
    

    In the Deccan, the Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas. Their rule lasted for about 450 years. They were also known as the Andhras. The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas. Among the inscriptions, the Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
    The greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni. He ruled for a period of 24 years from 106 to 130 A.D. His achievements were recorded in the Nasik inscription by his mother Gautami Balasri. Gautamiputra Satakarni captured the whole of Deccan and expanded his empire. His victory over Nagapana, the ruler of Malwa was remarkable. He patronized Brahmanism. Yet, he also gave donations to Buddhists.
    The Satavahanas patronized Buddhism and Brahmanism. They built chaityas and viharas. They also made grants of villages and lands to Buddhist monks.
    Vashishtaputra Pulamayi repaired the old Amaravathi stupa.
86. Question 86 of 100

    86. Question

    Consider the following statements about Mathura school of arts :
    (1) Mainly patronised by Kushan rulers.
    (2) The sculptures of Mathura school were made using spotted red sandstones.
    (3) Mathura school of art carved out only buddha images.
    (4) The Buddha images exhibit the spiritual feeling in his face.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only two
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The school of art that developed at Mathura in modern Uttar Pradesh is called the Mathura art. It flourished in the first century A.D. In its early phase, the Mathura school of art developed on indigenous lines.Red spotted sandstone was used. The Buddha images exhibit the spiritual feeling in his face which was largely absent in the Gandhara school. The Mathura school also carved out the images of Siva and Vishnu along with their consorts Parvathi and Lakshmi. The female figures of yakshinis and apsaras of the Mathura school were beautifully carved. {Please locate it on map and link it with your geographiycal knowledge.}

    Unattempted
    

    The school of art that developed at Mathura in modern Uttar Pradesh is called the Mathura art. It flourished in the first century A.D. In its early phase, the Mathura school of art developed on indigenous lines.Red spotted sandstone was used. The Buddha images exhibit the spiritual feeling in his face which was largely absent in the Gandhara school. The Mathura school also carved out the images of Siva and Vishnu along with their consorts Parvathi and Lakshmi. The female figures of yakshinis and apsaras of the Mathura school were beautifully carved. {Please locate it on map and link it with your geographiycal knowledge.}
87. Question 87 of 100

    87. Question

    How many of the folloing satements are correct about Chandragupta-I.
    (1) He was the founder of Gupta dynasty.
    (2) The Meherauli iron pillar provides detail account of his extensive conquest.
    (3) He was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja.
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Chandragupta I (320 – 330 A.D.)
    The founder of the Gupta dynasty was Sri Gupta. He was succeeded by Ghatotkacha. These two were called Maharajas. Much information was not available about their rule. The next ruler was Chandragupta I and he was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja (the great king of kings). This title indicates his extensive conquests.
    The Meherauli Iron Pillar inscription mentions his extensive conquests.

    Unattempted
    

    Chandragupta I (320 – 330 A.D.)
    The founder of the Gupta dynasty was Sri Gupta. He was succeeded by Ghatotkacha. These two were called Maharajas. Much information was not available about their rule. The next ruler was Chandragupta I and he was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja (the great king of kings). This title indicates his extensive conquests.
    The Meherauli Iron Pillar inscription mentions his extensive conquests.
88. Question 88 of 100

    88. Question

    How many of the following pairs are correct .
    Author work
    (1) Chanakya A. Brihadsamhita
    (2) Visakadatta B. Mudrarakshasa
    (3) Vishnisharma C. Panchatantra
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The Sanskrit language became prominent during the Gupta period. Nagari script had evolved from the Brahmi script. Numerous works in classical Sanskrit came to be written in the forms of epic, lyrics, drama and prose. The best of the Sanskrit literature belonged to the Gupta age.
    (A) Kalidas: He was the court poet of Chandragupta Vikramaditya ll. He was a great poet and dramatist. Considered as Shakespeare of the East His work include.
    • Abhijanasakuntalam considered to be one of the 100 best literary work in the world. Love story of king Dushyanta and Shakuntala whose son Bharatha became a famous ruler. William Jones translated this book into English and it filled the romantic imagination of Europe.
    • Malvikagnimitram- Pushyamitra Sunga’s son Agnimitra was viceroy of Vidisha. Mentions the defeat of a yavana ruler by Vasumitra, the son of Agnimitra on the banks of a river Sind (Kalisind).
    • Raghuvamsa- speaks of the allround victories of Rama, and may indirectly refer to some gupta conquests.
    • Kumarasambhav- deals with the courtship of shiva and parvati and the birth of their son skanda.
    • Meghadutam- lyrical poem containing the message from the love – lorn yaksha to his wife pining across the northern mountains in Alaka.
    • Ritusamhara- describes the six seasons in relation to Shringara.
    (B) Sudraka: worte the Mrichchakatika (the little clay cart) the plot of which centers around the love of a poor brahmana Charudatta for the wealthy, beautiful and cultured courtesan vasantasena.
    (C) Visakhadatta: Wrote Mudrarakshasa which deals with the strategies of Kautilya and mentions Chandragupta Maurya as being of lowly origin. Visakhadatta also wrote Devichandraguptam which is the story of Chandragupta ll’s accession to the thorne after killing Basana (the saka king), Ramagupta (Chandragupta ll’s brother) and his subsequent marriage to Dhruvadevi.
    (D) Bhasa: Thirteen plays written by Bhasa belong to this period, most famous of which is Svapnavasavadattam.
    (E) Magha: Wrote Sisupalvadh and Bhattikavya
    (F) Kamandaka: Wrote Nitisara belonging to Chandragupta I’s period, is the gupta equivalent of Kautiluya’s arthasatra.
    (G) Vajjika: Wrote Kaumudimahotsava. It talks about accession of Chandragupta I to the throne.
    (H) Amarsimha: Wrote Amarkosha which is a dictionary in Sanskrit
    (I) Vatsyayana: Wrote Kamasutra which is the first systematic enunciation of the art of love.
    (J) Vishnusarma: The Panchatantra stories were composed by Vishnusarma during the Gupta period.

    Unattempted
    

    The Sanskrit language became prominent during the Gupta period. Nagari script had evolved from the Brahmi script. Numerous works in classical Sanskrit came to be written in the forms of epic, lyrics, drama and prose. The best of the Sanskrit literature belonged to the Gupta age.
    (A) Kalidas: He was the court poet of Chandragupta Vikramaditya ll. He was a great poet and dramatist. Considered as Shakespeare of the East His work include.
    • Abhijanasakuntalam considered to be one of the 100 best literary work in the world. Love story of king Dushyanta and Shakuntala whose son Bharatha became a famous ruler. William Jones translated this book into English and it filled the romantic imagination of Europe.
    • Malvikagnimitram- Pushyamitra Sunga’s son Agnimitra was viceroy of Vidisha. Mentions the defeat of a yavana ruler by Vasumitra, the son of Agnimitra on the banks of a river Sind (Kalisind).
    • Raghuvamsa- speaks of the allround victories of Rama, and may indirectly refer to some gupta conquests.
    • Kumarasambhav- deals with the courtship of shiva and parvati and the birth of their son skanda.
    • Meghadutam- lyrical poem containing the message from the love – lorn yaksha to his wife pining across the northern mountains in Alaka.
    • Ritusamhara- describes the six seasons in relation to Shringara.
    (B) Sudraka: worte the Mrichchakatika (the little clay cart) the plot of which centers around the love of a poor brahmana Charudatta for the wealthy, beautiful and cultured courtesan vasantasena.
    (C) Visakhadatta: Wrote Mudrarakshasa which deals with the strategies of Kautilya and mentions Chandragupta Maurya as being of lowly origin. Visakhadatta also wrote Devichandraguptam which is the story of Chandragupta ll’s accession to the thorne after killing Basana (the saka king), Ramagupta (Chandragupta ll’s brother) and his subsequent marriage to Dhruvadevi.
    (D) Bhasa: Thirteen plays written by Bhasa belong to this period, most famous of which is Svapnavasavadattam.
    (E) Magha: Wrote Sisupalvadh and Bhattikavya
    (F) Kamandaka: Wrote Nitisara belonging to Chandragupta I’s period, is the gupta equivalent of Kautiluya’s arthasatra.
    (G) Vajjika: Wrote Kaumudimahotsava. It talks about accession of Chandragupta I to the throne.
    (H) Amarsimha: Wrote Amarkosha which is a dictionary in Sanskrit
    (I) Vatsyayana: Wrote Kamasutra which is the first systematic enunciation of the art of love.
    (J) Vishnusarma: The Panchatantra stories were composed by Vishnusarma during the Gupta period.
89. Question 89 of 100

    89. Question

    Consider the following statements regarding marriage in the Rig Veda.
    (1) Widow remarriage practices were found in that period.
    (2) Child marriage practices were prevalent during that time.
    (3) Marriageable age seems to have been sixteen to seventeen.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The practices of levirate and widow remarriage were prevalent in Rig Vedic society.
    The practice of child marriage was absent in Rig Vedic society as the marriageable age of that society seems to have been 16 to 17years.

    Unattempted
    

    The practices of levirate and widow remarriage were prevalent in Rig Vedic society.
    The practice of child marriage was absent in Rig Vedic society as the marriageable age of that society seems to have been 16 to 17years.
90. Question 90 of 100

    90. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) The later Vedic society is divided into four varnas namely Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, vaishyas, and Shudras.
    (2) Ashramas or four stages of life were well established in Vedic times.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The later Vedic society is divided into four varnas namely Brahmanas, rajanyas or Kshatriyas, vaishyas, and Shudras. So,statement 1 is correct.
    Ashramas or four stages of life were not well established in Vedic times. Only Brahmachari, Grihastha, and Vanaprashta stages were mentioned in later Vedic texts while Sanyassin was mentioned very lately. So, statement 2 is not correct.

    Unattempted
    

    The later Vedic society is divided into four varnas namely Brahmanas, rajanyas or Kshatriyas, vaishyas, and Shudras. So,statement 1 is correct.
    Ashramas or four stages of life were not well established in Vedic times. Only Brahmachari, Grihastha, and Vanaprashta stages were mentioned in later Vedic texts while Sanyassin was mentioned very lately. So, statement 2 is not correct.
91. Question 91 of 100

    91. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) The tribal society gradually divided into warriors, priests in the Rig Vedic period.
    (2) In Rig Vedic times, slaves were used in household activities.
    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) 1 only
    (B) 2 only
    (C) Both 1 and 2
    (D) Neither 1 nor 2

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The social inequalities in the tribal society of Rig Vedic times gradually evolved into the formation of 3 groups in the society, namely, warriors, priests, and the people.
    Rig Veda states that women slaves were employed for domestic purposes. There was no mention of slaves being directly used inagriculture or other producing activities.

    Unattempted
    

    The social inequalities in the tribal society of Rig Vedic times gradually evolved into the formation of 3 groups in the society, namely, warriors, priests, and the people.
    Rig Veda states that women slaves were employed for domestic purposes. There was no mention of slaves being directly used inagriculture or other producing activities.
92. Question 92 of 100

    92. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Varuna – water god
    (2) Indra – rain god
    (3) Maruts – storm god
    (4) Soma – plant god
    How many of the following above pairs are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only three
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The third important position in gods is given to Varuna who is personified as a water god So, pair 1 is correct.
    Indra is the primary god in Rig Vedic society and is thought to be responsible for causing rainfall. So, pair 2 is correct.
    A god called Maruts was personified as a storm god. So, pair 3 is correct.
    Soma was a plant god and an intoxicating drink was named after him. So, pair 4 is correct.

    Unattempted
    

    The third important position in gods is given to Varuna who is personified as a water god So, pair 1 is correct.
    Indra is the primary god in Rig Vedic society and is thought to be responsible for causing rainfall. So, pair 2 is correct.
    A god called Maruts was personified as a storm god. So, pair 3 is correct.
    Soma was a plant god and an intoxicating drink was named after him. So, pair 4 is correct.
93. Question 93 of 100

    93. Question

    With regarding to the term Vajpeya, Ashwamedha and Rajasuya :
    (1) The rituals were practiced during the reign of Mahajanpads.
    (2) The King’s influence was strengthened by this rituals.
    (3) This were used for trade purpose as well.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The King’s influence was strengthened by rituals such as
    (1) Rajasua sacrifice (conferring supreme power on the king)
    (2) Vajapeya (chariot race), and
    (3) Ashwamedha yagna (unquestioned control by the king over the area covered by his horse).

    Unattempted
    

    The King’s influence was strengthened by rituals such as
    (1) Rajasua sacrifice (conferring supreme power on the king)
    (2) Vajapeya (chariot race), and
    (3) Ashwamedha yagna (unquestioned control by the king over the area covered by his horse).
94. Question 94 of 100

    94. Question

    Given below is the description of the ruler who advised his disciples the following, who is he?: “Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames other sects out of excessive devotion to his own sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures his own sect very severely.”
    (A) Ashoka
    (B) Samudraguptag
    (C) Harshavardhana
    (D) Krishna Deva Raya

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Ashoka was born in 304 BC. He was the son of Bindusara. He changed the Mauryan empire into one of the largest during that era.
    Ashoka proclaimed that: Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames other sects out of excessive devotion to his own sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures his own sect very severely.

    Unattempted
    

    Ashoka was born in 304 BC. He was the son of Bindusara. He changed the Mauryan empire into one of the largest during that era.
    Ashoka proclaimed that: Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames other sects out of excessive devotion to his own sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures his own sect very severely.
95. Question 95 of 100

    95. Question

    With reference to the guilds (Shreni) of ancient India that played a very important role in the country’s economy :
    (1) Every guild was registered with the central authority of the State and the king was the chief administrative authority on them.
    (2) The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were fixed by the guild.
    (3) The guild had judicial powers over its own members.
    How many of the above statements is/are correct ?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Guilds were not under the control of the State and the king was not the chief administrative authority on them. They framed their own rules of membership and professional code of conduct, which even kings were supposed to accept and respect.
    The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were fixed by the guild itself. Statement 3 is correct. Guilds could try their members for offence in accordance with their own customs and usages, which came to acquire almost the status of law. A guild member had to abide by both guild and state laws.Guilds had their own laws, based on customs and usage, regarding organization, and had considerable power over guild members.

    Unattempted
    

    Guilds were not under the control of the State and the king was not the chief administrative authority on them. They framed their own rules of membership and professional code of conduct, which even kings were supposed to accept and respect.
    The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were fixed by the guild itself. Statement 3 is correct. Guilds could try their members for offence in accordance with their own customs and usages, which came to acquire almost the status of law. A guild member had to abide by both guild and state laws.Guilds had their own laws, based on customs and usage, regarding organization, and had considerable power over guild members.
96. Question 96 of 100

    96. Question

    Who among the following wrote the book 'Mudrarakshasa?
    (A) Vishakhadutta
    (B) Agnimitra
    (C) Kevalya
    (D) Patanjali

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    The historical authenticity of the Mudrarakshasa is somewhat supported by the description of this period of history in Classical Hellenistic sources.
    The Mudrarakshasa written by Vishakhadatta is a drama in Sanskrit. It was written during the period of Chandragupta II of Gupta dynasty. It is a historical play.
    The Mudrarakshasa, unlike the majority of Sanskrit plays, is purely a political drama.
    It was written during the Gupta period, it describes how Chandragupta Maurya with the assistance of Kautilya overthrew the Nandas. It also gives a picture on the socio-economic condition under the Mauryas. Vishakshadatta’s play “Mudrarakshasa” reveals Chanakya as a complex character with excellent leadership skills.
    Megasthenes’ Indica Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. His book Indica has survived only in fragments. Yet, his account gives details about the Mauryan administration, particularly the administration of the capital city of Pataliputra and also the military organization. His picture on contemporary social life is notable. Certain unbelievable information provided by him has to be treated with caution.
    Other Literature Apart from these three important works, the Puranas and the Buddhist literature such as Jatakas provide information on the Mauryas. The Ceylonese Chronicles Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa throw light on the role Asoka in spreading Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

    Unattempted
    

    The historical authenticity of the Mudrarakshasa is somewhat supported by the description of this period of history in Classical Hellenistic sources.
    The Mudrarakshasa written by Vishakhadatta is a drama in Sanskrit. It was written during the period of Chandragupta II of Gupta dynasty. It is a historical play.
    The Mudrarakshasa, unlike the majority of Sanskrit plays, is purely a political drama.
    It was written during the Gupta period, it describes how Chandragupta Maurya with the assistance of Kautilya overthrew the Nandas. It also gives a picture on the socio-economic condition under the Mauryas. Vishakshadatta’s play “Mudrarakshasa” reveals Chanakya as a complex character with excellent leadership skills.
    Megasthenes’ Indica Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. His book Indica has survived only in fragments. Yet, his account gives details about the Mauryan administration, particularly the administration of the capital city of Pataliputra and also the military organization. His picture on contemporary social life is notable. Certain unbelievable information provided by him has to be treated with caution.
    Other Literature Apart from these three important works, the Puranas and the Buddhist literature such as Jatakas provide information on the Mauryas. The Ceylonese Chronicles Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa throw light on the role Asoka in spreading Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
97. Question 97 of 100

    97. Question

    Match the meaning of the terms related to Sangam Administration.
    Terms – meaning
    (1) Ur – Town
    (2) Nadu – Provience
    (3) Ulgu – Custom duties
    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched ?
    (A) All
    (B) Only two
    (C) Only one
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Sangam literature is main source of History of ancient South India i.e., Tamilkam.
    It was compiled during 3rd century BC to 3rd century CE & was composed in poetic format around theme of love and war.
    Sangam was a college or assemblies of Tamil poets held under royal patronage. It is believed that 3 sangams lasted for 9990 years and were attended by 8598 poets and had 197 Pandya kings as patrons.
    o 1st Sangam- Old Madurai (Lemurai)
    o 2nd Sangam- Kapatpuram (Alovai)
    o 3rd Sangam- New Madurai
    2nd and 13th rock edicts of Ashoka name 4 neighborly kingdoms of South India; these were Cholas, Cheras (Keralputras of Malabar) Pandyas and Satiyaputras.
    The Sangam literature discusses about the 3 main Kingdoms- Chola Pandya & Chera and about their rivalry. Kingdom was divided into Mandalam, Nadu (province), Ur (Town), Sirur (Small village), perur (Big Village).
    King was called Ko Mannan, Vendan, Korravan or Iraivan. He was the centre of the administration. Avai was the court of crowned monarch.
    Amaichar (ministers), anthanar (priests), Dutar (envoys), senapatiyar (military commanders) and orrar (spies) were the 5 important officers that assisted the King.
    REVENUE ADMINISTRATION: Karai – land tax, Ulgu – custom duties, Iravu – Forced gift/extra demand, Irai – tribute paid by feudatories, Variyar – Tax collector.

    Unattempted
    

    Sangam literature is main source of History of ancient South India i.e., Tamilkam.
    It was compiled during 3rd century BC to 3rd century CE & was composed in poetic format around theme of love and war.
    Sangam was a college or assemblies of Tamil poets held under royal patronage. It is believed that 3 sangams lasted for 9990 years and were attended by 8598 poets and had 197 Pandya kings as patrons.
    o 1st Sangam- Old Madurai (Lemurai)
    o 2nd Sangam- Kapatpuram (Alovai)
    o 3rd Sangam- New Madurai
    2nd and 13th rock edicts of Ashoka name 4 neighborly kingdoms of South India; these were Cholas, Cheras (Keralputras of Malabar) Pandyas and Satiyaputras.
    The Sangam literature discusses about the 3 main Kingdoms- Chola Pandya & Chera and about their rivalry. Kingdom was divided into Mandalam, Nadu (province), Ur (Town), Sirur (Small village), perur (Big Village).
    King was called Ko Mannan, Vendan, Korravan or Iraivan. He was the centre of the administration. Avai was the court of crowned monarch.
    Amaichar (ministers), anthanar (priests), Dutar (envoys), senapatiyar (military commanders) and orrar (spies) were the 5 important officers that assisted the King.
    REVENUE ADMINISTRATION: Karai – land tax, Ulgu – custom duties, Iravu – Forced gift/extra demand, Irai – tribute paid by feudatories, Variyar – Tax collector.
98. Question 98 of 100

    98. Question

    With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period, which one of the following statements is correct?
    (A) It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
    (B) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
    (C) The forced labourer was entitled to weekly wages.
    (D) The eldest son of the labourer was sent as the forced labourer.

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
    In the Gupta period vishti or forced labour became a source of state income and was looked upon as a sort of taxation paid by the people. So it finds frequent mention along with other taxes in the Gupta inscriptions. The donees were not only provided with land and villages along with right to various taxes, they were also given the right to forced labour. This shows that forced labour was probably more common than in the earlier period. Most of the inscriptions referring to Vishti come from Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar regions may suggest this practice was more prevalent in these areas.

    Unattempted
    

    It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
    In the Gupta period vishti or forced labour became a source of state income and was looked upon as a sort of taxation paid by the people. So it finds frequent mention along with other taxes in the Gupta inscriptions. The donees were not only provided with land and villages along with right to various taxes, they were also given the right to forced labour. This shows that forced labour was probably more common than in the earlier period. Most of the inscriptions referring to Vishti come from Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar regions may suggest this practice was more prevalent in these areas.
99. Question 99 of 100

    99. Question

    Consider the following statements :
    (1) Panini is associated with Pushyamitra.
    (2) Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana.
    (3) Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II.
    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
    (A) Only one
    (B) Only two
    (C) All
    (D) None

    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    Correct
    

    Incorrect
    

    Statement 3 is correct : Amarasimha and Kalidasa were one of the Navratnas in the court of Chandra Gupta-II. Panini was a revered scholar belonging to 5th – 6th Century, whereas Pushyamitra Shunga reigned in 2nd BCE.
    Kalidasa
    He was a Classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period.
    The six major works of Kalidasa are :
    Abhijnanashakuntala
    Vikramorvashi
    Malavikagnimitra
    The epic poems
    Raghuvamsha
    Kumarasambhava
    Meghaduta

    Unattempted
    

    Statement 3 is correct : Amarasimha and Kalidasa were one of the Navratnas in the court of Chandra Gupta-II. Panini was a revered scholar belonging to 5th – 6th Century, whereas Pushyamitra Shunga reigned in 2nd BCE.
    Kalidasa
    He was a Classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period.
    The six major works of Kalidasa are :
    Abhijnanashakuntala
    Vikramorvashi
    Malavikagnimitra
    The epic poems
    Raghuvamsha
    Kumarasambhava
    Meghaduta
100. Question 100 of 100

     100. Question

     With reference to the history of India, the terms ‘kulyavapa’ and ‘dronavapa’ denote
     (A) measurement of land
     (B) coins of different monetary value
     (C) classification of urban land
     (D) religious rituals

     • A
     • B
     • C
     • D
     Correct
     

     Incorrect
     

     These are different terms for measuring land during the Gupta period. The Kulyavapa, Dronavapa, Adhavapa are the terms related to land measurements mainly mentioned in the copper plate inscriptions of Gupta era that were found in Bengal. Kulyavapa land must have been equal to around 160 bighas of land.
     A Dronavapa must be 16-20 bighas and Adhvapa which appears to be the smallest must be around 4-5 bighas of land.

     Unattempted
     

     These are different terms for measuring land during the Gupta period. The Kulyavapa, Dronavapa, Adhavapa are the terms related to land measurements mainly mentioned in the copper plate inscriptions of Gupta era that were found in Bengal. Kulyavapa land must have been equal to around 160 bighas of land.
     A Dronavapa must be 16-20 bighas and Adhvapa which appears to be the smallest must be around 4-5 bighas of land.